OMSA Study Guide 2024 with Complete Solutions

OMSA Study Guide 2024 with Complete Solutions Name the 4 valves in the heart - Answer- Tricuspid valve Aortic Valve Mitral Valve pulmonic Valve Where is the Tricuspid valve located? - Answer- Between the right atrium and right ventricle Where is the Mitral valve located? - Answer- Between the left atrium and the left ventricle Where is the Aortic valve located? - Answer- Between the aorta and the heart's left ventricle Where is the pulmonic valve located? - Answer- Between the" right ventricle and the pulmonary artery What is the function of valves in the heart? - Answer- To prevent the backflow of blood When you listen to a normal heart beat through a stethoscope what sound does it make, and what causes this sound? - Answer- Lub-dub; caused by the aortic and pulmonic valves closing What is angina pectoris? - Answer- Another name for chest pain of cardiac origin What is angina pectoris caused by? - Answer- Ischemia or lack of oxygen to the heart muscle How does nitroglycerin affect the body? - Answer- It dilates the coronary arteries and increases the blood flow to the heart When does angina pectoris turn into a myocardial infarction? - Answer- When the heart is deprived of oxygen too long and a portion of the heart dies Death of the heart muscle - Answer- necrosis Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (12) - Answer- Family history of heart disease Smokers Hypercholesterolemia Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Hypertension Advancing age History of MI Congestive heart failure Heart valve dysfunction dysrhythmias Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction (MI) (5) - Answer- -Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerin -Pain radiate down the left arm or up the left jaw -Blood pressure drop -weak with thready pulse -nausea or vomiting What should you do if you suspect a patient is having a MI? - Answer- Morphine Oxygen Nitrates Aspirin Place patient on monitors and start IV asap What is congestive heart failure? - Answer- The heart cannot pump blood in a forward motion What happens when there is CHF on the right side? - Answer- Excess blood an fluid backing up systemically; meaning in the rest of the body What are the symptoms of right sided CHF? - Answer- Swelling in the ankles and ascetics (belly) Distended neck veins What happens when there is CHF on the left side? - Answer- Fluid backing up into the lungs causing pt to cough pink frothy sputum.