Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Anatomy - Answer- the study of the structure of the body Physiology - Answer- the study of the function of the body Chemical level - Answer- represents the atoms and molecules that make up cells (Consists of Atomic level and molecular level) Cellular level - Answer- represents the basic unit of all living things Tissue level - Answer- a group of cells with similar or common function Organ level - Answer- a group of tissues with similar or common function Organ system level - Answer- a group of organs with similar or common function Organismic level - Answer- the entire body consisting of the various organ systems. Integumentary System - Answer- controls body temperature & protects body from environmental hazards Skeletal System - Answer- supports body, protects soft body parts, stores minerals, forms blood cells Muscular System - Answer- movement, support and produces heat Nervous System - Answer- controls immediate responses to stimuli Endocrine System - Answer- controls long-term responses in body Cardiovascular System - Answer- internal transport of nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide and cells Lymphatic & Immune Systems - Answer- defense, immunity and returns lost fluids to cardiovascular system Respiratory System - Answer- exchange of air and delivery of blood gases to/from tissues Digestive System - Answer- ingestion, breakdown and absorption of food & elimination of indigestible wastes Urinary System - Answer- filtration of blood to maintain proper water and salt balance and to eliminate waste products Reproductive System - Answer- produces sex cells and hormones related to reproduction homeostasis - Answer- condition in which body's internal environment remains within certain narrow physiological limits homeostatic regulation - Answer- adjustment of physiological system to maintain homeostasis receptor - Answer- monitors change in controlled condition (stimulus) and sends input to control center control (integration) center - Answer- receives input from receptor & determines appropriate response effector - Answer- cell or organ that receives information (output) from control center and produces a response (effect) interactions of a feedback system - Answer- stimulus - receptor - input (afferent pathway) - control center - output (efferent pathway) - response positive feedback - Answer- the response by the effector to the initial change is to further exaggerate the change. Example in labor contractions, the contraction of the uterus forces the baby towards the birth canal, which places pressure on the cervix; the pressure of the baby against the cervix causes uterine contraction, etc. - Answer- ... Negative feedback - Answer- the response by the effector to the initial change is to counter or reduce that change, thus bringing the system back to its "normal" state. Example When blood sugar level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin which causes the cells of the body to take in glucose, thus removing glucose from the blood and lowering blood sugar level. - Answer- ... Anatomical position - Answer- patient is erect, feet apart and palms facing anteriorly Cephalic = head Cranial - Answer- upper portion of head surrounding bra