Psychology 110: Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Psychology 110: Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Correct Personality - Answer- characteristics, emotional responses, ways individual responds to environment; differs across individuals & relatively consistent across time What are the building blocks of personality? - Answer- Traits! What are 3 theories of personality? - Answer- 1) Biological 2) Developmental- attachment, Freudian, social learning 3) Humanist- we differ in our choices, goals, potential Trait - Answer- characteristic or stable pattern of thought, feeling, behavior; building blocks of personality (structuralist notion) Trait approach - Answer- approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions Five-factor theory - Answer- -DESCRIPTIVE THEORY!!!! idea that personality can be described using 5 factors: openness to experience, conscientious, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism Big 5: OCEAN of personality - Answer- *openness to experience*:imaginative vs. down to earth, variety vs routine, independent vs conforming *conscientiousness*: organized v disorganized, careful vs careless, self-disciplines vs. weak-willed *agreeableness*: softhearted vs ruthless, trusting vs. suspicious, helpful vs. uncooperative *extraversion*: social vs retiring, fun-loving vs sober, affectionate vs reserved *neuroticism*: worried vs calm, insecure vs secure, self-pitying vs. self-satisfied When would we use the BIG 5? - Answer- - when describing others-especially those we aren't close to -when describing ourselves -these dimensions found across cultures! What was Hippocrates' influence on theories of personality? - Answer- -first person to lay out a theory -thought balance of 4 "humours" in body responded to 4 personality types: Theory of Temperamentum Hippocrates' Theory of Temperamentum - Answer- -black bile: melancholy/sad -yellow bile: choleric/angry -phlegm: phlegmatic/lethargic -blood: sanguine/cheerful Why was the Theory of Temperamentum significant? - Answer- 1) thought people differed in categorical ways 2) thought this had a biological basis 3) led to study of temperament Temperament - Answer- differences in emotional responding that vary across individuals & have biological basis -highly heritable aspect of emotional responding -measured in infancy What are the 3 basic characteristics that can be considered temperaments? - Answer- 1) activity- amount of energy/behavior person exhibits 2) emotionality- intensity of emotional reactions 3) sociability- tendency to affiliate with others Inhibited temperament - Answer- fear/shyness; can be measur