Psychology 110 - Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Psychology 110 - Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Sexual Orientation - Answer- the direction of a person's emotional and erotic attraction towards members of the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes Gender - Answer- the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity Gender Roles - Answer- the behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as either masculine or feminine Gender Identity - Answer- a person's psychological sense of being male or female Social Learning Theory of Gender-Role Development - Answer- the theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment, and modeling Gender Schema Theory - Answer- the theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of schemas, or mental representations, of masculinity and femininity Personality - Answer- an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving Personality Theory - Answer- a theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving Psychoanalysis - Answer- Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development Free Association - Answer- a psychoanalytical technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind Unconscious - Answer- in Freud's theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes, and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness Id - Answer- Latin for "the it;" in Freud's theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle Eros - Answer- the self-preservation or life instinct, reflected in the expression of basic biological urges that perpetuate the existence of the individual and the species Libido - Answer- the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality; the sex drive Thanatos - Answer- the death instinct, reflected in aggressive, destructive, and self- destructive actions Pleasure Principal - Answer- the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort; the most fundamental human motive and the guiding principle of the id Ego - Answer- Latin for "I;" in Freud's theory, the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior, and is most in touch with the demands of the external world Reality Principle - Answer- the capacity to accommodate external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist Superego - Answer- in Freud's theory, the partly conscious, self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization or parental and societal rules Ego Defense Mechanisms - Answer- largely unconscious distortions of thoughts or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety Repression - Answer- the unconscious exclusion of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness; the most fundamental ego defense mechanism Displacement - Answer- the ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous Sublimation - Answer- an ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges toward productive, socially acceptable, nonsexual activities; a form of displacement Psychosexual Stages - Answer- in Freud's theory, age-relates developmental periods in which the child's sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through the activities associated with those areas