POAT Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers

POAT Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers What causes the most skin contact pressure? A)Short Levers+Large Contact Areas B)Short Levers+Small Contact Areas C)Long Levers+Large Contact Areas D)Long Levers+Small Contact Areas - Answer- B) Short Levers+Small Contact Areas An orthosis can be designed for impaired muscle performance *WEAKNESS* during: - Answer- Foot clearance in Swing An orthosis can be designed for impaired *stability* during: - Answer- Stance Phase What muscles on the stance limb and swing limb affect *swing limb clearance* and maintaining a level pelvis? - Answer- Hip abductor muscles of stance limb Hip, Knee, and DF of Swing Limb *Rockers of Stance*: Controlled lowering of the foot from neutral ankle position at initial contact to a plantarflexed flat foot, as well as acceptance of body weight on the limb during loading response. What Rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during this rocker phase? - Answer- First (heel) Rocker and Eccentric Contraction of Quadriceps and Anterior Tibialis prevent "foot slap" while protecting vertical GRF toward the knee. *Rockers of Stance*: The tibia begins to rotate over the weight-bearing foot, from its initial 10 degrees of Plantarflexion at the end of loading response, then through vertical into Dorsiflexion as midstance is completed? What rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during this rocker phase? - Answer- Second (ankle) rocker and Eccentric Contraction of the Gastroc/Soleus complex "putting on the brakes" to control the speed of forward progression of the tibia over the fixed foot throughout midstance *Rockers of Stance*: The forefoot has converted from its mobile adapter function of early stance to a rigid lever for an effective late stance, and the heel rises off the ground so that body weight has to roll over the 1st MTP through push-off in terminal stance. What rocker is being described and what provides efficient motor performance during this rocker phase? - Answer- Third (toe) rocker and Dorsiflexion of 1st MTP Joint What would the addition of a *cushion heel* provide? - Answer- simulates controlled lowering of the foot in loading response What would a rocker bottom sole provide? - Answer- Simulates forward progression of the tibia over the foot throughout midstance (second ankle rocker) as well as provide smooth rollover when extension of hallux is limited When would a custom-molded orthosis be indicated and contraindicated? - Answer- Indicated for patients with loss of sensation and hypertonicity and contraindicated for edema patients A locked ankle mechanism such as a SAFO creates what type of moment at the knee? - Answer- Extensor moment (in stance) If *hyperextension* at midstance is an issue, what might the orthotist do to the SAFO to combat the issue? - Answer- Set the SAFO in a couple degrees of Dorsiflexion When a patient walks with *Crouch Gait*, or knee and Hip Flexion Contractures the GRF vector passes where and does what *at midstance*? - Answer- Behind the knee, creating a flexion moment at the knee In Normal Gait, the GRF Vector passes where at the knee? - Answer- In front of the knee This orthotic is similar to a SAFO in that it creates a large extension moment at the knee in midstance but holds the ankle in a *few degrees of plantarflexion* - Answer- Floor Reaction Orthosis What are the purposes of *dynamic ankle foot orthoses*? - Answer- Permit DF during Second (ankle) Rocker of Stance and Block PF during Swing phase to facilitate limb clearance What is the difference between a Posterior Leaf Spring and a Carbon Fiber Spring Orthosis? - Answer- The carbon fiber spring orthosis will enhance plantarflexion muscle performance enhancing the transition through BOTH second and third rockers, providing assistance with push-off With a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (articulating orthosis), why would we want to stop Limit Plantarflexion? - Answer- to add stability in early stance With a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (articulating orthosis), why would we want to stop Limit Dorsiflexion? - Answer- limit weight bearing on forefoot in late stance How might we tell a patient wearing bilateral KAFOs to stand in order to enhance stability during Early stance? - Answer- Lumbar Lordosis so that the GRF passes in front of the knee Which orthotic knee joint design is appropriate for controllin