TEST BANK FOR MASON POLICY AND
POLITICS IN NURSING AND HEALTH
CARE 8TH EDITION UPDATED 2024
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes
ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which when a
disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease by preventing
the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year,
sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes for buying cigarettes represent
examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an
example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common among women
treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by midwives. Based on
his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in adecrease in mortality. Name
the character that we are talking about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
ANS: E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by not
washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple examinations in
the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later by
efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
ANS: B
,Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases has
been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline in mortality
rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Bank MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a community
or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events
clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. New York:
Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. Incubation period
ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear excess of
normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant occurrence of a
disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or population group. Pandemic is
not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over avery wide area, crossing international
boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a certain
illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true because it is the
interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (theonset of recognizable
symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
recognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousnessANS:
,B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of
clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between themoment of
developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The time of onset of
clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it corresponds to “time of onset.”
“The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as itcorresponds to “time of infection.” “The
time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period
between exposure and the onset of infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent
period. (The latent period is focusing on the onset of infectiousness, but the incubation period is
focusing on the onset of the symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference. There
were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host attendees, and
50 people who served the luncheon during the conference. Except for 50 people who served the food,
all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the conference on April 1,
2018. Based only on the information given inthis question, how many people are at risk in this food
poisoning outbreak?
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference. Even
though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eat the food.
Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference.
There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host
attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.Except for 50 people who
served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food poisoning is
reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the cause. However, only
900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of 900 survey results, the
epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the outbreak are pepperoni pizza and
meatball spaghetti. What is the overall attack rate for thosewho ate meatball spaghetti? Use the
following table to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate the
developed the case definition food
symptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza and 57 150
meatball spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza or 10 100
meatball spaghetti
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
, e. 23%
ANS: E
To calculate the food-specific attack rate, we need to define how many people are exposed to the
specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In this question, we
are asking about “overall” attack rate in those people who ate meatball spaghetti, so we have to add
“meatball spaghetti only” and “both pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti” to get the overall rate.
Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at risk of exposure, and 119 (62 plus 57), who developed the
symptoms, corresponding to 23% of attack rate.
5. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference.
There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host
attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.Except for 50 people who
served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the
conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food poisoning is reported, an
epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the cause. However, only 900 people
among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of 900 survey results, the epidemiologist
concludes that the most suspected foods in the outbreak are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti.
What is the most suspected food for food poisoning after cross-tabulation? Use the following table
to answer the question. Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate the
developed the case definition food
symptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza and 57 150
meatball spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza or 10 100
meatball spaghetti
a. Pepperoni pizza only
b. Meatball spaghetti only
c. Both pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti
d. Neither pepperoni pizza nor meatball spaghetti
e. We cannot determine the cause of food based on this informationANS:
A
Pepperoni pizza only attack rate is 41.09% (113 divided by 275), and meatball spaghetti only is 16.53%
(62 divided by 375). The attack rate of both pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti is 38.00% (57
divided by 150). Some may choose both of them which are the most suspected food. If both the foods
were the most suspected food, we should have a higher attack rate in meatball spaghetti only group as
well.
6. What is the name of the occurrence of a clearly higher than expected number of cases of a disease
within a limited geographical region?
a. Pandemic
b. Epidemic
c. Endemic
d. Zoonosis
POLITICS IN NURSING AND HEALTH
CARE 8TH EDITION UPDATED 2024
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes
ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which when a
disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease by preventing
the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year,
sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes for buying cigarettes represent
examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an
example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character observed that childbed fever mortality was more common among women
treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by midwives. Based on
his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in adecrease in mortality. Name
the character that we are talking about.
a. John Snow
b. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
ANS: E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by not
washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple examinations in
the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later by
efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
ANS: B
,Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases has
been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline in mortality
rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
b. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Bank MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a community
or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events
clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. New York:
Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. Incubation period
ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear excess of
normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant occurrence of a
disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or population group. Pandemic is
not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over avery wide area, crossing international
boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a certain
illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true because it is the
interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (theonset of recognizable
symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
recognizable symptoms)
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousnessANS:
,B
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of
clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between themoment of
developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The time of onset of
clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it corresponds to “time of onset.”
“The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as itcorresponds to “time of infection.” “The
time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period
between exposure and the onset of infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent
period. (The latent period is focusing on the onset of infectiousness, but the incubation period is
focusing on the onset of the symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference. There
were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host attendees, and
50 people who served the luncheon during the conference. Except for 50 people who served the food,
all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the conference on April 1,
2018. Based only on the information given inthis question, how many people are at risk in this food
poisoning outbreak?
a. 1,000
b. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
People at risk in this outbreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference. Even
though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eat the food.
Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference.
There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host
attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.Except for 50 people who
served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food poisoning is
reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the cause. However, only
900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of 900 survey results, the
epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the outbreak are pepperoni pizza and
meatball spaghetti. What is the overall attack rate for thosewho ate meatball spaghetti? Use the
following table to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate the
developed the case definition food
symptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza and 57 150
meatball spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza or 10 100
meatball spaghetti
a. 41%
b. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
, e. 23%
ANS: E
To calculate the food-specific attack rate, we need to define how many people are exposed to the
specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In this question, we
are asking about “overall” attack rate in those people who ate meatball spaghetti, so we have to add
“meatball spaghetti only” and “both pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti” to get the overall rate.
Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at risk of exposure, and 119 (62 plus 57), who developed the
symptoms, corresponding to 23% of attack rate.
5. There was a food poisoning outbreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety Conference.
There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100 volunteers to host
attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.Except for 50 people who
served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food from the luncheon at the
conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outbreak of food poisoning is reported, an
epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the cause. However, only 900 people
among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of 900 survey results, the epidemiologist
concludes that the most suspected foods in the outbreak are pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti.
What is the most suspected food for food poisoning after cross-tabulation? Use the following table
to answer the question. Summary of Survey Responses
Number of people who Number of people who ate the
developed the case definition food
symptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
Meatball spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza and 57 150
meatball spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza or 10 100
meatball spaghetti
a. Pepperoni pizza only
b. Meatball spaghetti only
c. Both pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti
d. Neither pepperoni pizza nor meatball spaghetti
e. We cannot determine the cause of food based on this informationANS:
A
Pepperoni pizza only attack rate is 41.09% (113 divided by 275), and meatball spaghetti only is 16.53%
(62 divided by 375). The attack rate of both pepperoni pizza and meatball spaghetti is 38.00% (57
divided by 150). Some may choose both of them which are the most suspected food. If both the foods
were the most suspected food, we should have a higher attack rate in meatball spaghetti only group as
well.
6. What is the name of the occurrence of a clearly higher than expected number of cases of a disease
within a limited geographical region?
a. Pandemic
b. Epidemic
c. Endemic
d. Zoonosis
