Psych 1 (Gade, UC Berkeley) Midterm 3 Questions & Answers Correctly Answered.

Mechanism Movement - Biological mechanisms are behind all thoughts and behaviors Jean Charcot - Began treating people with hypnosis and other approaches to get at the "unconscious" with Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic Theory - Personality is based on the interplay of conflicting forces within the individual Conscious - The thoughts and experiences of which we are aware of that impact our behaviors Unconscious - The thoughts and experiences of which we are UNAWARE of that impact our behaviors Id - An unconscious force that constantly seeks satisfaction of basic needs (survival, sex, thirst, hunger, sleep, etc.) Superego - A preconscious force that's only goal is to push us to do what is 'right' (society's standards) Ego - A conscious force that we develop in the social world and operates on the reality principle— seeking to satisfy id's and the superego's desires in realistic ways Freud's Clinical Work - - Focused on accessing the unconscious traumas and/or needs that had to be addressed in order understand a person - Required bringing the unconscious "up," to change personality or address the abnormal through: Psychoanalysis, Hypnosis, Free association, Dream interpretation, "Freudian Slips" Libido - Psychosexual energy; an insatiable sexual drive that comes in different forms during our lifetimeOral stage - (0-18 months) Mouth centered stimulation; oral fixations Anal stage - (18-36 months) Potty training focus; anal retentiveness Phallic stage - (3-6 years) Genital/gender exploration; penis envy, gender intensification, castration fear Latency - (6 to puberty) No libido Genital stage - (puberty +) Maturation of sexual interest; sexual issues Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim) - Important case study by Freud; influenced his psychodynamic theory Franz Anton Mesmer - First hypnotist; magnétisme animal; "mesmerizing" Induction, Relaxation, Suggestion - The 3 steps of hypnosis Posthypnotic Amnesia - When a person cannot remember what happened while he/she was hypnotized Carl Jung - - Freud's "heir apparent"; broke with Freud's work because of his differing beliefs about personality formation - Personality is formed from both conscious and unconscious forces - Our personal unconscious did not contain the basic instincts that Freud proposed (primarily the id) - Archetypes Archetypes - Vague, existential, and spiritual images/concepts found within our personality; some inherited from ancestors, others unique to the individualAlfred Adler - - Superiority Theory - Another early student of Freud's, but broke away because of differing theories (too much focus on sex) - Individual psychology - Striving for superiority - Inferiority complex