ANSC 301 Final (including Minerals) Questions with
complete solutions
Ca
P
Mg Correct Answer-Essential minerals that are constituents of skeletal
structure
Na
K
Mg Correct Answer-Essential minerals that assist in maintaining
osmotic pressure
Calcium Sources:
_______ are rich sources
__________ products are poor sources Correct Answer-Roughages
Cereal grain
Calcium Correct Answer-99% of ________ plays a structural role in the
body, specifically in bones and teeth as *Hydroxyapatite Crystal
Muscle contraction Correct Answer-The remaining 1% of Ca is present
in soft tissues and has functions as enzyme activation, blood clotting,
permeability of cell membrane, impulse transmission, and *_________
,Contraction Correct Answer-Calcium's role in muscle contraction:
Ca connected = ?
Relaxation Correct Answer-Calcium's role in muscle contraction:
Ca released = ?
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Correct Answer-*Ca Circulation is regulated
by what three things?
Osteoporosis Correct Answer-Bone mass decrease after menopause
(estrogen hormone) - *Ca and P are NOT typically deficient*
Abnormal Ca:P ratio (2:1) Correct Answer-Ca deficiency usually results
from absence of Vitamin D, low Ca and P intake, and *_________
Milk Fever Correct Answer-Ca deficiency in dairy cows in which they
become hypocalcemic and blood Ca drops
Concentrates
Roughages Correct Answer-Phosphorous sources:
_______ are rich sources
_______ are poor sources
,Dicalcium Phosphate Correct Answer-CaHPO4
Typically a dihydrate (2 waters of hydration)
Ca2+ replaces 2 protons
Monocalcium Phosphate Correct Answer-Ca(H2PO4)2
Typically a monohydrate (1 water of hydration)
Ca2+ replaces 1 proton
Phytate Phosphorus Correct Answer-A plant source of phosphorous that
is present in large proportions and has low bioavailability
Phytase (phosphatase) Correct Answer-Enzyme required to liberate
phosphorus from phytate; is produced in the rumen in the form of
bacteria and fungi - the microbes synthesize this enzyme so use of total
P is adequate
Phosphorous Correct Answer-Same similar functions as Ca
(hydroxyapatite), functions in acid-base balance, CHO metabolism,
*Allosteric Regulation of many enzymes, phospholipids, and DNA,
RNA, ATP, and ADP
Allosteric Regulation Correct Answer-When an enzyme binds to the
active site of a protein and a conformational change occurs on a different
part of the protein
, Phosphorous Correct Answer-Deficiencies in this mineral include
Rickets, Osteomalacia, Pica, and it is a major concern as feeding
strategies shift to minimize environmental impact as it is often deficient
in the soils of subtropical areas
Potassium (K) Correct Answer-Abundantly present in *Skin and
Muscles*; also has functions in Na/K pump, Carbonic anhydrase
(CO2 + H20 ---> HCO3-), Salivary Amylase, Osmotic Balance,
transmission of nerve impulses, and *Acid-Base balance* (Anion gap &
DCAD)
Potassium Correct Answer-A toxicity in this mineral for dairy cows can
result in Udder Edema, Milk Fever, and Grass Tetany (rigidity of
muscles)
Sodium Correct Answer-A deficiency in this mineral often occurs
*during lactation, in rapidly growing animals, and under tropical
conditions in hard working animals. Also includes a decreased osmotic
pressure
(= dehydration and weakness - skin tenting), Pica (salt craving - licking
wood, soil, etc.)
Chlorine Correct Answer-A deficiency in this mineral may lead to
reduced, growth, reduced milk, Pica, emaciation, and an *abnormal
increase in alkali (bicarbonate) = increased blood pH :(
complete solutions
Ca
P
Mg Correct Answer-Essential minerals that are constituents of skeletal
structure
Na
K
Mg Correct Answer-Essential minerals that assist in maintaining
osmotic pressure
Calcium Sources:
_______ are rich sources
__________ products are poor sources Correct Answer-Roughages
Cereal grain
Calcium Correct Answer-99% of ________ plays a structural role in the
body, specifically in bones and teeth as *Hydroxyapatite Crystal
Muscle contraction Correct Answer-The remaining 1% of Ca is present
in soft tissues and has functions as enzyme activation, blood clotting,
permeability of cell membrane, impulse transmission, and *_________
,Contraction Correct Answer-Calcium's role in muscle contraction:
Ca connected = ?
Relaxation Correct Answer-Calcium's role in muscle contraction:
Ca released = ?
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Correct Answer-*Ca Circulation is regulated
by what three things?
Osteoporosis Correct Answer-Bone mass decrease after menopause
(estrogen hormone) - *Ca and P are NOT typically deficient*
Abnormal Ca:P ratio (2:1) Correct Answer-Ca deficiency usually results
from absence of Vitamin D, low Ca and P intake, and *_________
Milk Fever Correct Answer-Ca deficiency in dairy cows in which they
become hypocalcemic and blood Ca drops
Concentrates
Roughages Correct Answer-Phosphorous sources:
_______ are rich sources
_______ are poor sources
,Dicalcium Phosphate Correct Answer-CaHPO4
Typically a dihydrate (2 waters of hydration)
Ca2+ replaces 2 protons
Monocalcium Phosphate Correct Answer-Ca(H2PO4)2
Typically a monohydrate (1 water of hydration)
Ca2+ replaces 1 proton
Phytate Phosphorus Correct Answer-A plant source of phosphorous that
is present in large proportions and has low bioavailability
Phytase (phosphatase) Correct Answer-Enzyme required to liberate
phosphorus from phytate; is produced in the rumen in the form of
bacteria and fungi - the microbes synthesize this enzyme so use of total
P is adequate
Phosphorous Correct Answer-Same similar functions as Ca
(hydroxyapatite), functions in acid-base balance, CHO metabolism,
*Allosteric Regulation of many enzymes, phospholipids, and DNA,
RNA, ATP, and ADP
Allosteric Regulation Correct Answer-When an enzyme binds to the
active site of a protein and a conformational change occurs on a different
part of the protein
, Phosphorous Correct Answer-Deficiencies in this mineral include
Rickets, Osteomalacia, Pica, and it is a major concern as feeding
strategies shift to minimize environmental impact as it is often deficient
in the soils of subtropical areas
Potassium (K) Correct Answer-Abundantly present in *Skin and
Muscles*; also has functions in Na/K pump, Carbonic anhydrase
(CO2 + H20 ---> HCO3-), Salivary Amylase, Osmotic Balance,
transmission of nerve impulses, and *Acid-Base balance* (Anion gap &
DCAD)
Potassium Correct Answer-A toxicity in this mineral for dairy cows can
result in Udder Edema, Milk Fever, and Grass Tetany (rigidity of
muscles)
Sodium Correct Answer-A deficiency in this mineral often occurs
*during lactation, in rapidly growing animals, and under tropical
conditions in hard working animals. Also includes a decreased osmotic
pressure
(= dehydration and weakness - skin tenting), Pica (salt craving - licking
wood, soil, etc.)
Chlorine Correct Answer-A deficiency in this mineral may lead to
reduced, growth, reduced milk, Pica, emaciation, and an *abnormal
increase in alkali (bicarbonate) = increased blood pH :(
