68W LPC Exam With Complete Solutions
Is the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes
pharmacology
Is the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease
Medical pharmacology
The reason or conditions for which a particular medication is given
Indication
The amount of medication given at or within a specified period of time
Dose
The largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period time (such as 24 hours)
i.e max dose for Tylenol for an otherwise healthy adult is 3000mg
Maximum Dose
administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a
desired, observable physiological effect
Titration
a medical reason to NEVER give a medication
Absolute Contraindication
a medical reason a med should not be given but may be acceptable in certain circumstances
Relative contraindication
hypersensitivity response induced by exposure
Allergy
an unintended but not surprising consequence of a medication (besides an allergy)
Side effect
the desire change in physiology for administering the medication
Therapeutic effect
the blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect
Therapeutic level
the blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
Toxic level
,When medication is at its highest concentration
Peak
the lowest blood level of a medication between doses
Trough
the time for the body to eliminate 1/2 of the dose of medication
Half-life
a relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half-lives of medication
Steady State
the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires higher or more frequent
doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
Tolerance
when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics or antivirals and it takes either higher doses of the
same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
Resistance
the process of the body to break down and eliminate medications
Metabolism
the recommended time period between doses of a medication
Dosing interval
the time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
Onset
the time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
Duration of Effect
the length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained
Duration of Therapy
All of the limitations, considerations and instructions required, regarding a medication, to help
achieve the desired physiological response while minimizing side effects
Dosing parameters
other medical problems which may affect metabolism or may make the patient more susceptible for a
side effect or toxicity
Comorbidities
medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
, Antibiotics
categorizes bacteria into either a GRAM POSITIVE or GRAM NEGATIVE
Gram Stain Testing
usually constant for each dose, but may change
Strength of medication
this is usually based on an hourly time interval or a number of times per day
Frequency of each dose
indicates the presence of peptidoglycan (is the substance that forms a tough and rigid cell wall)
retains color of gram stain
Gram positive
indicates that the cell membrane out structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a
thin layer of peptidoglycn
does not retain color from gram staining
Gram negative
bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment
Aerobic
bacteria that only grow well in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic
T/F
antibiotics are not effective on virus and fungi
True
Fungi are living organisms which can reproduce how?
sexually or asexually
damaging or destructive to liver cells
hepatotoxic
1. Metabolized in the liver
2. Max dose of 1g given 3 times a day
3. 15mg/kg 4 times a day for children less than 12 years of age
Acetaminophen
How much Acetaminophen will cause harm to your liver?
150mg/kg or 7-10g
Is the study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes
pharmacology
Is the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease
Medical pharmacology
The reason or conditions for which a particular medication is given
Indication
The amount of medication given at or within a specified period of time
Dose
The largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period time (such as 24 hours)
i.e max dose for Tylenol for an otherwise healthy adult is 3000mg
Maximum Dose
administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a
desired, observable physiological effect
Titration
a medical reason to NEVER give a medication
Absolute Contraindication
a medical reason a med should not be given but may be acceptable in certain circumstances
Relative contraindication
hypersensitivity response induced by exposure
Allergy
an unintended but not surprising consequence of a medication (besides an allergy)
Side effect
the desire change in physiology for administering the medication
Therapeutic effect
the blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect
Therapeutic level
the blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
Toxic level
,When medication is at its highest concentration
Peak
the lowest blood level of a medication between doses
Trough
the time for the body to eliminate 1/2 of the dose of medication
Half-life
a relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half-lives of medication
Steady State
the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires higher or more frequent
doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
Tolerance
when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics or antivirals and it takes either higher doses of the
same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
Resistance
the process of the body to break down and eliminate medications
Metabolism
the recommended time period between doses of a medication
Dosing interval
the time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
Onset
the time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
Duration of Effect
the length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained
Duration of Therapy
All of the limitations, considerations and instructions required, regarding a medication, to help
achieve the desired physiological response while minimizing side effects
Dosing parameters
other medical problems which may affect metabolism or may make the patient more susceptible for a
side effect or toxicity
Comorbidities
medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
, Antibiotics
categorizes bacteria into either a GRAM POSITIVE or GRAM NEGATIVE
Gram Stain Testing
usually constant for each dose, but may change
Strength of medication
this is usually based on an hourly time interval or a number of times per day
Frequency of each dose
indicates the presence of peptidoglycan (is the substance that forms a tough and rigid cell wall)
retains color of gram stain
Gram positive
indicates that the cell membrane out structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a
thin layer of peptidoglycn
does not retain color from gram staining
Gram negative
bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment
Aerobic
bacteria that only grow well in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic
T/F
antibiotics are not effective on virus and fungi
True
Fungi are living organisms which can reproduce how?
sexually or asexually
damaging or destructive to liver cells
hepatotoxic
1. Metabolized in the liver
2. Max dose of 1g given 3 times a day
3. 15mg/kg 4 times a day for children less than 12 years of age
Acetaminophen
How much Acetaminophen will cause harm to your liver?
150mg/kg or 7-10g
