PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM LATEST
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) AGRADE
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER >>>>Catalysts that increase
the speed of a chemical reaction without undergoing any
permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER >>>>-The
process in which the Sun's energy is converted into chemical
energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER >>>>Cellular
respiration is the process that releases energy from food in
the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER
>>>>6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER >>>>"splitting sugars." yields
two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER >>>>This term refers to a
series of chemical reactions that involve the complete
oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy)
along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen
to form (H2O) and (CO2).
,What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER >>>>Is a
sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make
ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER >>>>Process by
which cells divide to form new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are
distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER
>>>>46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER
>>>>Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not
separate properly during cell division. This can form a gamete
with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a
chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING
ANAPHASE 1 & 2
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER >>>>-All are
composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in
response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their
environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER >>>>atom,
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism
,How are organisms classified? - ANSWER >>>>on the basis
of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in
biological sciences? - ANSWER >>>>Process used to
validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and
repeatable manner. The best way to discover how and why
the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER >>>>Anything that has mass and
takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER >>>>smallest unit of matter that
retains all the chemical properties of an element. They
combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas
or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER >>>>Nucleus in
the center that contains protons (positively charged) and
neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an
electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER >>>>A chemical bond
that's formed when an atom transfers and electron to another
Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER >>>>Results when 2
atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer
shell
, What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER >>>>Occurs
when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? -
ANSWER >>>>Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build
cells and their parts? - ANSWER >>>>Carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER >>>>Its
attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER >>>>Broken down to glucose to
provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ANSWER
>>>>Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in
plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - ANSWER >>>>macromolecule that contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for
growth and repair
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) AGRADE
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER >>>>Catalysts that increase
the speed of a chemical reaction without undergoing any
permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER >>>>-The
process in which the Sun's energy is converted into chemical
energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER >>>>Cellular
respiration is the process that releases energy from food in
the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER
>>>>6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER >>>>"splitting sugars." yields
two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER >>>>This term refers to a
series of chemical reactions that involve the complete
oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy)
along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen
to form (H2O) and (CO2).
,What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER >>>>Is a
sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make
ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER >>>>Process by
which cells divide to form new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are
distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER
>>>>46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER
>>>>Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not
separate properly during cell division. This can form a gamete
with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a
chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING
ANAPHASE 1 & 2
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER >>>>-All are
composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in
response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their
environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER >>>>atom,
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism
,How are organisms classified? - ANSWER >>>>on the basis
of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in
biological sciences? - ANSWER >>>>Process used to
validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and
repeatable manner. The best way to discover how and why
the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER >>>>Anything that has mass and
takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER >>>>smallest unit of matter that
retains all the chemical properties of an element. They
combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas
or liquid
What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER >>>>Nucleus in
the center that contains protons (positively charged) and
neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an
electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER >>>>A chemical bond
that's formed when an atom transfers and electron to another
Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER >>>>Results when 2
atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer
shell
, What is a double covalent bond? - ANSWER >>>>Occurs
when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? -
ANSWER >>>>Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build
cells and their parts? - ANSWER >>>>Carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - ANSWER >>>>Its
attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER >>>>Broken down to glucose to
provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - ANSWER
>>>>Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in
plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - ANSWER >>>>macromolecule that contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for
growth and repair
