Relg 2650 midterm exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Relg 2650 midterm exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers ethics - Answer- sustained and internal reflection on morality/moral life w/ analysis, reasoning, and argument bioethics - Answer- interdisciplinary fiend of applied ethics that engages complex moral problems stemming from medical sciences, biotech, ad health care utilitarianism - Answer- -focuses on outcomes/consequences of decisions -maximize outcomes of "utility" -greatest good for greatest # of people deontological (Kantian) - Answer- -morality of actions based on action itself and weather it is right or wrong, rather then based on actions consequenses categorical imperative - Answer- universal moral obligation according to Kantian (deontological) ethics that binds a person in all circumstances regardless of persons own inclinations natural law - Answer- -form of deontology -right actions conform to moral standards in nature that all people can discern through reasoning -a body of unchangeable moral principles as a basis for all human conduct rights theory - Answer- -there are positive and negative rights that we have just because we are human (ex. Declaration of Independence) -the "rights" a person carries are essential to ethical decision making -positive rights: rights to claim something from society ie right to health care -negative rights: rights to be free from something/someone else ie right to be left alone casuistry/ethical pragmatism - Answer- -analyzing specific cases and then reasoning in logical way -attention to detail of circumstance divine command - Answer- -God/divine gives shape to moral order as expression of Gods will and goodness -morally ethical if it's a command from God - ex 10 commandments revelation - Answer- divine disclosure to man of something relating to human existence of the world covenant - Answer- both have responsibilities, an agreement between God and his people prophets - Answer- there to call people back to God and tell them and tell them how to follow the covenant in the future Torah - Answer- -first of 5 books of bible- "law" -says little about medical care Talmud - Answer- -compilation of Mishna combined with Rabbinic commentary and decisions -collection of Jewish law and tradition -rabbinic commentary and decisions halakha - Answer- Jewish law as applied to Jewish living tikkun olam - Answer- respect for life is fundamental divine body ownership - Answer- body belongs to God, duty to care and not harm -idea in Judaism. We are borrowing our bodies from God and soul is integrated into the person. Body returns to God when we die... OBLIGATED to maintain health and relieve pain. Jesus of Nazareth - Answer- -a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth -Gods' revelation w him (crucified and resurrected from dead). New covenant given to the community that changes the relationship of Jews to Torah by creation of new testament. Ex: circumcision not required by the bible now. religion and healthcare - Answer- anthropology - Answer- study of human societies and cultures and their development creation - Answer- God is the world's origin + source. Originally created good according to Christian understanding redemption - Answer- sin/brokenness can be restored by god. Each person is an object of redemption. Part of human dignity and who we are, cannot lose or gain it. image of God (imago Dei) - Answer- Human Dignity is a gift of God, not dependent on action, status, achievement. Given regardless and cannot be taken . Fundamental answer to any question in catholic bioethics human dignity - Answer- right of a human to be valued and respected for their own sake and to be treated ethically graced self transcendence - Answer- -every person is someone who is created in gods image and had a destiny - catholic view of human dignity - creates certain moral boundary- human dignity Protestant ethics - Answer- -individual as reciever to word of spirit - no universal teaching/interpretations - found on all sides of bioethics - if not directly in bible, then now way to produce ethical concensus -right of a human to be valued and respected for their own sake and to be treated ethically Roman Catholic ethics - Answer- divine command & natural law & virtue & magisterial development Islamic five pillars - Answer- 1. Declaration of faith (Shahadah) 2. Daily prayer (salat) 3. Charity (zakat) 4. Fasting (Ramadan) 5. Pillgramage (hajj) Qur'an - Answer- word of God. Primary source of Islamic reference. No direct teachings of bioethics, just principles that can be applied. Ex. Story of Cain and Abel → to kill is to kill all of humanity. To save one is to save all of humanity Shari'a - Answer- Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and the Hadith. fiqh - Answer- human judicial decisions of islamic scholars (what islamic bioethicists use) tawhid - Answer- unity and transcendence with god Islamic Juridical Counsil's bioethics fataw - Answer- opinion of scholars about ethical issue and their decision of how Islam would proceed the common morality - Answer- -A set of moral beliefs shared by almost everyone -obligations, rights, virtues, NORMS widely shared. Ex, don't lie or steal, obey just laws moral dilemma - Answer- where moral obligations overlap. E