UTMB Patho Exam 1 Questions With Verified
Answers
Erythropoiesis
• The main process of RBC regulation
• When decreased oxygen levels are detected, they kidneys release erythropoietin which stimulates
the red bone marrow to make and release more RBCs
Normocytic
Normal size
Microcytic
Small size
Macrocytic
Large size
Normochromic
Normal color
Hypochromic
Low color
Megaloblastic
enlarged and abnormally shaped
Anemia
Low numbers of RBC's, low hemoglobin, or low hematocrit resulting from
autoimmune diseases
Blood Loss
Bone Marrow failure from radiation infection or tumors
Erythropoietin insufficiency
Hemolysis
Malnutrition (Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12/B6)
Symptoms of Anemia
Fatigue
Shortness of Breath
Pallor
Low Blood Pressure
Anxiety
increased Heart Rate
Normal RBC count in males
4.2-5.4 million
, Normal RBC count in females
3.6-5.0
Normal Hemoglobin count in males
14-16.5
Normal Hemoglobin count in females
12-15
Normal Hematocrit in males
40-50%
Normal Hematocrit in females
37-47%
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Impaired oxygen transport due to lack of hemoglobin, tissue hypoxia, microcytic hypochromic anemia
Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Dietary Deficiency- not enough iron B12/B6 in diet
Bleeding- menstruation, GI Bleeding (NSAIDS), peptic ulcers, polyps, hemorrhoids, cancer
Increased Demands- pregnancy, cow's milk without supplementation, Adolescents growth spurts,
diet, and menstruation
Treatment for Iron Deficiency anemia
Increase dietary intake
Ferrous Sulfate
Iron Dextran (IM or IV)
Hemolytic Amenias
Something in the blood is destroying the RBCs
Can be genetic or acquired through exposure to various drugs or diseases such as malaria, DIC severe
burns, venoms etc
Sickle Cell Anemia
Mutation in the hemoglobin molecule with the substitution of valine for glutamic acid resulting in the
abnormal S shape of the hemoglobin molecule
heterozygous reccessive
Factors leading to a sickle cell crisis
cold, stress, physical exertion, infection, hypoxia, dehydration, acidosis
Megaloblastic Anemia
Enlarged Malformed RBCs
Usually caused by B12 and folic acid deficiencies
Answers
Erythropoiesis
• The main process of RBC regulation
• When decreased oxygen levels are detected, they kidneys release erythropoietin which stimulates
the red bone marrow to make and release more RBCs
Normocytic
Normal size
Microcytic
Small size
Macrocytic
Large size
Normochromic
Normal color
Hypochromic
Low color
Megaloblastic
enlarged and abnormally shaped
Anemia
Low numbers of RBC's, low hemoglobin, or low hematocrit resulting from
autoimmune diseases
Blood Loss
Bone Marrow failure from radiation infection or tumors
Erythropoietin insufficiency
Hemolysis
Malnutrition (Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12/B6)
Symptoms of Anemia
Fatigue
Shortness of Breath
Pallor
Low Blood Pressure
Anxiety
increased Heart Rate
Normal RBC count in males
4.2-5.4 million
, Normal RBC count in females
3.6-5.0
Normal Hemoglobin count in males
14-16.5
Normal Hemoglobin count in females
12-15
Normal Hematocrit in males
40-50%
Normal Hematocrit in females
37-47%
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Impaired oxygen transport due to lack of hemoglobin, tissue hypoxia, microcytic hypochromic anemia
Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Dietary Deficiency- not enough iron B12/B6 in diet
Bleeding- menstruation, GI Bleeding (NSAIDS), peptic ulcers, polyps, hemorrhoids, cancer
Increased Demands- pregnancy, cow's milk without supplementation, Adolescents growth spurts,
diet, and menstruation
Treatment for Iron Deficiency anemia
Increase dietary intake
Ferrous Sulfate
Iron Dextran (IM or IV)
Hemolytic Amenias
Something in the blood is destroying the RBCs
Can be genetic or acquired through exposure to various drugs or diseases such as malaria, DIC severe
burns, venoms etc
Sickle Cell Anemia
Mutation in the hemoglobin molecule with the substitution of valine for glutamic acid resulting in the
abnormal S shape of the hemoglobin molecule
heterozygous reccessive
Factors leading to a sickle cell crisis
cold, stress, physical exertion, infection, hypoxia, dehydration, acidosis
Megaloblastic Anemia
Enlarged Malformed RBCs
Usually caused by B12 and folic acid deficiencies
