IMMB 302 Immunology Exam 1 Questions
With Answers Graded A+
immunis meaning
Exempt, protected
The Immune System Defends the body against what?
-Non-self (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, tissue grafts)
-Mutated self (cancer, misfolded proteins)
physiological barriers of the immune system
-Skin, Mucous membranes
white blood cells (leukocytes)
-Part of innate immunity (phagocytes)
-initiate inflammation, engulf, destroy invaders
white blood cells (lymphocytes)
-B Cells
-T Cells
B Cells
produce antibodies, provide memory
T Cells
T Helper Cells- Regulate, orchestrate response
T Cytotoxic Cells- Killer cells, attack invaders
Where in the body does the immune response occur?
-Lymphatic vessels, nodes (FBI, CIA Hang out)
-Bloodstream
-Thymus (T cells mature and are checked here)
-spleen (controls the level of RBCs/WBCs in blood)
-Bone Marrow (B and T cells produced here)
-Liver (produces antimicrobial chemicals)
-Brain (activates the sympathetic nervous system to tell bone marrow to make WBCs when needed)
Where does the T Cell mature?
thymus
,Where does the B Cell mature?
bone marrow
What are the components of innate immunity?
-General barriers (Skin)
-Mucus clearance
-Cellular (activities of phagocytes/inflammation)
adaptive immunity
-Develops over time (1-2 weeks)
-Activation of antigen specific B and T Cells
-B Cell Antibody humoral and T cell mediated
-Immunologic memory
Where does adaptive immunity occur?
lymphatic system
What part of the innate immunity process triggers specific cellular response?
Phagocytosis and inflammation (develops about 2 weeks)
Leukocytes
-phagocytic cells (simple, dumb and hungry)
-Part of innate immunity
Lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
-Part of adaptive immunity
-Capable of memory
What are antibodies' soluble components contributing to Humoral Immunity in blood?
-Neutralize toxins ("antitoxin")
-Precipitate toxins ("precipitin")
-Clump Bacteria ("agglutinin")
What is the use of Immunoglobulin/antibodies?
-antiserum from immune individual can protect non-immune
-leads to passive immunity (does NOT provide immunological memory)
, What provides the ability to produce active immunity?
Natural infection or vaccination
-Long-lived memory
-Based in long lived cells like memory B cells
-Memory Cells (quickly producing antibodies)
4 main categories of pathogens
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan
What characteristics does innate immunity recognize in a foreign invader?
-Substances not found in human host, but are instead common to pathogens
-Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
Cellular Proteins that recognize PAMPs can be:
-Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
-Surface bound or intracellular
-Inherited through conservatory
-Human leukocytes have 10 PRRs
-Can be early profiled
The quick recognition system is followed by:
-Phagocytosis by leukocytes
-inflammation
Characteristics of inflammation
-Influx of blood/chemicals (compliment system)
-More leukocytes
-Quick elimination prevents infection
How does adaptive immunity recognize different pathogens?
-Can recognize subtle molecular differences
-Potential to recognize an infinite number of molecules through maturation
When a pathogen is recognized, what happens?
-Results in production of antibodies specifically tailored to the pathogen in question
-Neutralizes molecule
Are lymphocytes randomly generated?
-Yes, each lymphocyte has a unique antigen receptor with random gene arrangements
With Answers Graded A+
immunis meaning
Exempt, protected
The Immune System Defends the body against what?
-Non-self (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, tissue grafts)
-Mutated self (cancer, misfolded proteins)
physiological barriers of the immune system
-Skin, Mucous membranes
white blood cells (leukocytes)
-Part of innate immunity (phagocytes)
-initiate inflammation, engulf, destroy invaders
white blood cells (lymphocytes)
-B Cells
-T Cells
B Cells
produce antibodies, provide memory
T Cells
T Helper Cells- Regulate, orchestrate response
T Cytotoxic Cells- Killer cells, attack invaders
Where in the body does the immune response occur?
-Lymphatic vessels, nodes (FBI, CIA Hang out)
-Bloodstream
-Thymus (T cells mature and are checked here)
-spleen (controls the level of RBCs/WBCs in blood)
-Bone Marrow (B and T cells produced here)
-Liver (produces antimicrobial chemicals)
-Brain (activates the sympathetic nervous system to tell bone marrow to make WBCs when needed)
Where does the T Cell mature?
thymus
,Where does the B Cell mature?
bone marrow
What are the components of innate immunity?
-General barriers (Skin)
-Mucus clearance
-Cellular (activities of phagocytes/inflammation)
adaptive immunity
-Develops over time (1-2 weeks)
-Activation of antigen specific B and T Cells
-B Cell Antibody humoral and T cell mediated
-Immunologic memory
Where does adaptive immunity occur?
lymphatic system
What part of the innate immunity process triggers specific cellular response?
Phagocytosis and inflammation (develops about 2 weeks)
Leukocytes
-phagocytic cells (simple, dumb and hungry)
-Part of innate immunity
Lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
-Part of adaptive immunity
-Capable of memory
What are antibodies' soluble components contributing to Humoral Immunity in blood?
-Neutralize toxins ("antitoxin")
-Precipitate toxins ("precipitin")
-Clump Bacteria ("agglutinin")
What is the use of Immunoglobulin/antibodies?
-antiserum from immune individual can protect non-immune
-leads to passive immunity (does NOT provide immunological memory)
, What provides the ability to produce active immunity?
Natural infection or vaccination
-Long-lived memory
-Based in long lived cells like memory B cells
-Memory Cells (quickly producing antibodies)
4 main categories of pathogens
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan
What characteristics does innate immunity recognize in a foreign invader?
-Substances not found in human host, but are instead common to pathogens
-Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
Cellular Proteins that recognize PAMPs can be:
-Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
-Surface bound or intracellular
-Inherited through conservatory
-Human leukocytes have 10 PRRs
-Can be early profiled
The quick recognition system is followed by:
-Phagocytosis by leukocytes
-inflammation
Characteristics of inflammation
-Influx of blood/chemicals (compliment system)
-More leukocytes
-Quick elimination prevents infection
How does adaptive immunity recognize different pathogens?
-Can recognize subtle molecular differences
-Potential to recognize an infinite number of molecules through maturation
When a pathogen is recognized, what happens?
-Results in production of antibodies specifically tailored to the pathogen in question
-Neutralizes molecule
Are lymphocytes randomly generated?
-Yes, each lymphocyte has a unique antigen receptor with random gene arrangements
