USAHS EIP Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

USAHS EIP Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Convenience sampling - Answer- Chooses the individuals easiest to reach. Ex- college students -use whoever is available and willing limitations-people who agree to participate are more likely to be women, high socioeconomic, more educated, more healthy, more adherent to medication regimen so this is not always a reflection of the whole population Stratified random sampling - Answer- A stratified random sample, on the other hand, first divides the population into smaller groups, or strata, based on shared characteristics (demographic). Therefore, a stratified sampling strategy will ensure that members from each subgroup is included in the data analysis. -identifying relevant population characteristics (male/female, race, age, etc.) -partitioning members into homogeneous, non overlapping subsets (strata) -sample from the strata -does not have to be same number of people from each strata -The candy company may decide to use the random stratified sampling method by dividing its 100 customers into different age groups to help make determinations about the future of its production. Makes sure that the smaller groups of people are part of the sampling Random sampling - Answer- Each member of the population has an equal probability of being included in the sample -unbiased -independent -no member has any more chance of being chosen than any other member -sampling without replacement -examples: drawing from a hat, random number generator limitation- your sample may not reflect the population. If you are trying to capture all small groups, it may not be representative What is the most common sampling method used in physical therapy studies? - Answer- Convenience sampling-because of availability of individuals to be studied; but should be avoided if at all possible because it is not considered representative and is likely to be biased What is regression to the mean, and how might it impact the overall change in your group - Answer- Regression to the mean indicates that patients who are more extreme (much better or worse) than the other group are more likely to end up with bigger changes, as their scores move more toward the middle over time. As they get closer to the average there are less changes Measures how the independent variable effects the dept variable at several point -used for continuous data in descriptive statistics, represented with lines and graphs This is an aspect of confounding (see quasi-experimental design below) Type 1 - Answer- Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (in layman's terms, saying that there is a difference when there is not) Type II - Answer- Incorrectly failing to reject the null hypothesis (in layman's terms, saying that there is no difference when in fact there is) Statistically significant difference - Answer- If we run the same experiment 100 times, we would get the same results at least 95 times If p=0.37 and you did experiment 100 times, you could get a different result 37 times which implies the change is due to chance Most commonly seen when the p value is less than .05 Clinically meaningful difference - Answer- A meaningful change, usually greater than the MDC and/or MCID Clinical equipoise - Answer- The state of genuine uncertainty as to the advantages of disadvantages of each therapeutic aim in a clinical trial Test something for the first time, having a clean slate Testing hypothesis for the time, don't know what outcome is going to be Recognize key markers of potential bias - Answer- -egocentric thinking -attempting to prove (rather than test) a hypothesis -incorrect interpretation of statistical results *using a difference in a secondary outcome measure to indicate a change when other primary measures do not show a difference -potentially biased methods *performing a study in which the intervention is extensive and compared to a control group with little or no intervention Experimental design - Answer- Key aspect of experimental design is that its the best way to determine causality Randomized controlled trial (experimental design) - Answer- Patients ra