USAHS Clinical Neuroscience Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

USAHS Clinical Neuroscience Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? - Answer- Neurulation, cell proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of axonal and dendritic processes, and synaptogenesis ______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube. - Answer- Neurulation Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. - Answer- Neural tube During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development the cells migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. - Answer- Definitive True or false: Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic processes phase of embryological development. - Answer- True ____________ occurs around day 14 of development. - Answer- Neurulation During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. - Answer- Neurulation The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. - Answer- Gastrula The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________. - Answer- Embryonic ectoderm On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day _______. - Answer- 21, 28 The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. - Answer- Neural tube Neural crest cells develop into the ______. - Answer- PNS What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological development? - Answer- Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to close) and anencephaly (failure of the ANTERIOR neuropore to close) What does the prosencephalon divide into? - Answer- telencephalon and diencephalon What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? - Answer- telencephalon: rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles) diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves, neurohypophysis, and pineal gland (third ventricle) What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? - Answer- Midbrain (cerebral aqueduct) What does the rhombencephalon divide into? - Answer- metencephalon and myelencephalon What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon? - Answer- Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle) Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle) What does the primitive neural tube divide into? - Answer- Neural tube and neural crest What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? - Answer- Neural tube: spinal cord (central canal) Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. - Answer- Rostral The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. - Answer- Caudal The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. - Answer- Dorsal The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC. - Answer- Ventral During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the sulcus limitans pushes bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to divide the tube into a ventral and dorsal portion. - Answer- Cell proliferation (ventral portion= baslar plate; efferent motor and the dorsal portion= alar plate; sensory) During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka germinal) creates the lining of the __________. - Answer- Ventricles (helps the cilia) During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the ___________. - Answer- Mantle (gray matter) During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________ ________. - Answer- White matter During _________ migration the cells travel up the telencephalon from the SC. - Answer- Radial During ______________ migration the cells travel within the brain stem. This occurs late in the migration process. - Answer- Tangential What two defects can occur in the migration phase of embryological development? - Answer- Dyslexia and lissencephaly (smooth brain = low IQ) During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 14 weeks CN's _______, _______, ______, ______, and _____ form. - Answer- 5, 7, 9, 10, and 12 (swallow/gag) During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 25 weeks CN's ________ _______ ______ and _____ form. - Answer- 2, 3, 4, and 6 (visual mot