D199 WGU Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

D199 WGU Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass in the last 10,000 years: - Answer- humans began modifying the land surface for growing food with advent of agricultural revolution the agricultural revolution roughly - Answer- coincides with a warm interglacial period that began about 11,700 years ago which is called the HOLOCENE era (warm stable climate) the last 270 years of the holocene ushered into the - Answer- INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION when climate pollution began to increase dramatically the industrial revolution was powered by - Answer- fossil fuels what began after world war II? - Answer- the great acceleration (1950-present) -caused depletion in the ozone layer -After 1950, the biodiversity of species started decreasing and the extinction of species accelerated The Great Acceleration marks the beginning of - Answer- Homo sapiens' truly massive global imprint on the planet -The climate has already warmed by 1°C since 1900. -If humans continue with business-as-usual consumption of fossil fuels, the warming between 1900 and 2100 could exceed 4°C. the greenhouse effect. - Answer- It is this trapping of heat energy that otherwise would have escaped to space through the atmosphere -allows solar radiation to enter -the blanket effect is the greenhouse effect real? - Answer- -Satellites routinely measure the incoming solar energy and the outgoing heat energy from the planet -Independently, the heat energy emitted by the surface has been estimated using observed surface temperatures on land and sea. aerosols - Answer- -Visible smoke and smog are made up of tiny particles -carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cannot be seen by the human eye -Most of these aerosols reflect sunlight and have a cooling effect black carbon aerosols (a major component of soot) - Answer- -absorb solar radiation entering the atmosphere and have a warming effect. -warms the climate by absorbing solar energy rather than infrared energy from the planet super pollutants - Answer- -non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases and black carbon particles -per molecule, their warming effects are much larger than that of carbon dioxide. The Northern Hemisphere has warmed more than the Southern Hemisphere, largely because - Answer- the ocean's influence At current emission growth levels—that is, under a "business as usual" scenario - Answer- -another trillion tons of carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere by about 2030 -At that point, the rate of climate change will be three times faster than the pace experienced until now. -unchecked emissions will lead to warming that could exceed 4°C Earth is now experiencing the Anthropocene Era - Answer- -which means a time when environmental change is driven by human activity -One result of the Anthropocene Era is the increase in the greenhouse effect, which might be better termed the "atmospheric blanket." vidence that human activity is the primary cause of global warming includes - Answer- physical and satellite observations and the confirmation of the predictions of scientific models. How are satellites and weather balloons used with climate change model data? - Answer- to confirm predictions Why is global cooperation necessary to reduce the effects of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? - Answer- Gases travel quickly through the atmosphere to all parts of the globe. Which phrase describes a change that would reduce the climate effects of methane? - Answer- Increase in sustainable agriculture The CDM has two primary goals: - Answer- 1) to promote sustainable development in Global South countries 2) to allow industrialized countries to earn emissions credits from their investments in emission-reducing projects in the South. Created by Kyoto Protocol Devised by the World Bank, it is slated to be a key component of any post-Kyoto climate treaty - Answer- -Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) is another offsetting mechanism -REDD is intended to help Global South countries protect their remaining rain forests and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions caused by deforestation, forest degradation, and peatland destruction. -Countries that reduce net REDD emissions below a preset baseline would receive credits that could be sold in carbon markets and used by purchasing nations to meet their international mitigation obligations. The Paris Agreement - Answer- -a global agreement that came into force in 2016 and builds on the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, with the aim of limiting global temperature rise to less than 2°C above preindustrial levels -All parties to the Paris Agreement are to report regularly on their emissions and implementation efforts -One major limitation is that the Paris Agreement is voluntary and has little in the way of an enforcement mechanism. After fossil fuels, the second largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide is - Answer- deforestration The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 established - Answer- emissions targets, many of which were aimed at the Global South, where deforestation is a big problem. Why is deforestation a larger problem in the Global South than it is in the Global North? - Answer- Developed countries, mostly in the Global North, deforested much of their land long ago. Cap-and-trade programs - Answer- -a program designed to manage carbon dioxide emissions by either limiting a company's total emissions to a level allow