OCR PAPER ONE A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY
Socialisation, culture and identity
Functionalism
● Murdock : REPS
● Parsons : Functional fit theory - family now serves two functions
1. Primary Socialisation
2. Stabilising Adult Personality
● Parson Warm Bath
● Durkheim : Organic Analogy
● Young + Willmat : nfs worked in cottage industries pre-industrialisation
● After industrialisation the family becomes a unit of consumption
● Laslett : Short life expectancy = extended family
● Sexual division on labour (expressive FEM and instrumental MALE)
● Schlafly : marriage as the most fulfilling role
Marxism
● Engels: pass on property through heirs therefore woman is prostitute as
has sex for financial stability
● Althusser false consciousness: ideology passed on through family as
Ideological State Apparatus so capitalism can survive (ideological
functions)
Feminism
● Young and Willmott : March of progress (Functionalists the supports LF)
● Somerville (liberal) idea that women are being exploited is outdated,
they have more choice and freedom to leave
● Political lesbianism
● Ansley : 'wives are takers of shit'
● Rich women are forced into ‘compulsory heterosexuality’
● Wilkinson + Pickett: woman more at risk of dv because of economic
inequality (husband has to pay for entire family, reducing his bargaining
power)
Dark side
● Dobash and Dobash : family can often become violent (dv)
● Selborne = the highest category of murder victims are children under
the age of 5 by a family member. A woman is murdered every 3 days at
the hands of her partner
, ● Cheal = state agencies are reluctant to get involved in family matters as
they assume that the family is private, good and that individuals are free
to leave if they want
● Wilkinson and Pickett = low income families are more at risk of domestic
violence. Financial stress may cause violent outbursts
● Men have an 'allowance system' where they control family finance and
give their wife an "allowance"
Lone Parents
● Murry = single mothers are more likely to have criminal sons.
'Dependency culture'
● Spencer = more focus should be on the improvements that can be
made
Same sex
● Gausp = very young children did not see their family as any different
● Rosneil and Budgeon = the nf upholds heteronormative standards
Reconstituted family
● Grant = men are more likely to be taking care of another man's child
than his own and vice-versa
Extended family
● Beanpole multi generational
● Willmott = even though the nf is the main living unit, there is still a
network of ef
LATs
● Intimacy of a relationship with the autonomy of living alone
● Haskey and Lewis = for most couples LAT is just a prelude to living
together and marriage
Living alone
● Smith = although many claim to live alone they had gone to visit family
in the last fortnight + were still apart of a family network
● Beck and Beck : Individualisation
● Giddens: confluent love
● Greater independence for women
Socialisation, culture and identity
Functionalism
● Murdock : REPS
● Parsons : Functional fit theory - family now serves two functions
1. Primary Socialisation
2. Stabilising Adult Personality
● Parson Warm Bath
● Durkheim : Organic Analogy
● Young + Willmat : nfs worked in cottage industries pre-industrialisation
● After industrialisation the family becomes a unit of consumption
● Laslett : Short life expectancy = extended family
● Sexual division on labour (expressive FEM and instrumental MALE)
● Schlafly : marriage as the most fulfilling role
Marxism
● Engels: pass on property through heirs therefore woman is prostitute as
has sex for financial stability
● Althusser false consciousness: ideology passed on through family as
Ideological State Apparatus so capitalism can survive (ideological
functions)
Feminism
● Young and Willmott : March of progress (Functionalists the supports LF)
● Somerville (liberal) idea that women are being exploited is outdated,
they have more choice and freedom to leave
● Political lesbianism
● Ansley : 'wives are takers of shit'
● Rich women are forced into ‘compulsory heterosexuality’
● Wilkinson + Pickett: woman more at risk of dv because of economic
inequality (husband has to pay for entire family, reducing his bargaining
power)
Dark side
● Dobash and Dobash : family can often become violent (dv)
● Selborne = the highest category of murder victims are children under
the age of 5 by a family member. A woman is murdered every 3 days at
the hands of her partner
, ● Cheal = state agencies are reluctant to get involved in family matters as
they assume that the family is private, good and that individuals are free
to leave if they want
● Wilkinson and Pickett = low income families are more at risk of domestic
violence. Financial stress may cause violent outbursts
● Men have an 'allowance system' where they control family finance and
give their wife an "allowance"
Lone Parents
● Murry = single mothers are more likely to have criminal sons.
'Dependency culture'
● Spencer = more focus should be on the improvements that can be
made
Same sex
● Gausp = very young children did not see their family as any different
● Rosneil and Budgeon = the nf upholds heteronormative standards
Reconstituted family
● Grant = men are more likely to be taking care of another man's child
than his own and vice-versa
Extended family
● Beanpole multi generational
● Willmott = even though the nf is the main living unit, there is still a
network of ef
LATs
● Intimacy of a relationship with the autonomy of living alone
● Haskey and Lewis = for most couples LAT is just a prelude to living
together and marriage
Living alone
● Smith = although many claim to live alone they had gone to visit family
in the last fortnight + were still apart of a family network
● Beck and Beck : Individualisation
● Giddens: confluent love
● Greater independence for women
