PSYCH-115 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass
What is intelligence?
The ability to solve problems, understand complex ideas, adapt to environmental changes, use
knowledge, and learn quickly.
Who is Galton and what did he do?
Galton was the first to determine that intelligence is quantifiable, it can be measured using objective
tests, and has a normal distribution.
What is an anthropomorphic test? What are its flaws?
It is a measurement of physical characteristics such as speed of arm movement, strength of grip, and
reaction time to sound-- all of which were thought to be measures of intelligence.
What is the Binet-Simon Test?
A test that was developed to identify children who needed special attention in educational settings
(how far behind or ahead a child's mental development was in comparison to other children their
age). This introduces the idea of Mental Age (MA) into the realm of psychology, as the score of the
test is expressed in MA.
What is Mental Age?
The child's level of intellectual capacity and development-- not reflective of actual age!
Who is Leta Stetter Hollingworth?
A psychologist who determined there are no gender differences between men and women with
regard to IQ. More specifically, her findings were that women's intelligence is normally distributed,
just like that of men. She concluded this by demonstrating that there were an equal number of low-IQ
women as there were men.
Who are the Kallikaks?
A case study into Hereditarian Eugenics. They were part of a deeply flawed theory that intelligence is
hereditary and that breeding should be banned amongst those deemed "feebleminded."
What is the Army Alpha test?
A measure of verbal and mental abilities that could be administered in a group format. This test is
similar to the Stanford-Binet Test.
What is the Army Beta test?
Similar to the alpha test but free from literacy. Instructions are given through hand signals.
Why are the Army Alpha and Beta tests important?
1- It proved that psychology could be applied to solve real problems.
2-The test could be administered to large groups.
Alternative factors of IQ Testing
Cultural Bias, Socio-economic bias, Racial bias
, What were the problems with the Army Alpha and Beta tests?
1- It measured acquired intelligence, not innate knowledge.
2- It was biased in favor of the white middle class.
3- Technical difficulties.
4-Average mental age of 13 reaffirmed xenophobic and eugenic movements.
What are emotions?
Subjective feelings associated with physiological states are necessary to have normal human
experiences. All emotions share some characteristics:
1. Physiological Response.
2. Stereotyped somatic motor response (ex- movement of facial muscles).
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Emotions are a response to a physiological change in the body. (Application-- you are sad because you
are crying)
Assumptions of James-Lange Theory
1. In the absence of physiological response, there is no emotion.
2. There is a set number of physiological responses.
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotions
The physiological response and the emotion occur simultaneously and independently. (Application--a
bear is approaching, and I am sweating, trembling, and my heart is pounding...I must be nervous).
Findings Cannon-Bard Theory
1. There is no relation between a particular emotion and the body's physiological state.
2. Many emotions produce a similar physiological response. (Example-- fear and anger).
3. People and animals with spinal cord damage still show emotions-- you don't need to have
sensations to have emotions.
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Because the physiological response is not specific to each emotion (undifferentiated physiological
arousal), we interpret the emotion differently based on the situation. The two factors are cognitive
and physiological. (Application-- a bear is approaching and my heart is pounding, I'm sweating, and
I'm running away. My cognitive label for the bear is that it is scary. The emotion I am feeling is fear).
What is an appraisal?
Checking the situation around us by looking for environmental cues. Questions include: Is the stimuli a
threat? How do I handle the threat? Fight, flight, or freeze? If we get secondary information, we do a
secondary appraisal.
Who is Patient SM?
A patient with Urbach-Wiethe disease, or the calcification and atrophy of the anterior medial
temporal lobes. She had no motor or sensory impairment or deficits in language, memory, or
intelligence. Ultimately, she has problems recognizing anger and cannot recognize fear.
What is Sensation?
What is intelligence?
The ability to solve problems, understand complex ideas, adapt to environmental changes, use
knowledge, and learn quickly.
Who is Galton and what did he do?
Galton was the first to determine that intelligence is quantifiable, it can be measured using objective
tests, and has a normal distribution.
What is an anthropomorphic test? What are its flaws?
It is a measurement of physical characteristics such as speed of arm movement, strength of grip, and
reaction time to sound-- all of which were thought to be measures of intelligence.
What is the Binet-Simon Test?
A test that was developed to identify children who needed special attention in educational settings
(how far behind or ahead a child's mental development was in comparison to other children their
age). This introduces the idea of Mental Age (MA) into the realm of psychology, as the score of the
test is expressed in MA.
What is Mental Age?
The child's level of intellectual capacity and development-- not reflective of actual age!
Who is Leta Stetter Hollingworth?
A psychologist who determined there are no gender differences between men and women with
regard to IQ. More specifically, her findings were that women's intelligence is normally distributed,
just like that of men. She concluded this by demonstrating that there were an equal number of low-IQ
women as there were men.
Who are the Kallikaks?
A case study into Hereditarian Eugenics. They were part of a deeply flawed theory that intelligence is
hereditary and that breeding should be banned amongst those deemed "feebleminded."
What is the Army Alpha test?
A measure of verbal and mental abilities that could be administered in a group format. This test is
similar to the Stanford-Binet Test.
What is the Army Beta test?
Similar to the alpha test but free from literacy. Instructions are given through hand signals.
Why are the Army Alpha and Beta tests important?
1- It proved that psychology could be applied to solve real problems.
2-The test could be administered to large groups.
Alternative factors of IQ Testing
Cultural Bias, Socio-economic bias, Racial bias
, What were the problems with the Army Alpha and Beta tests?
1- It measured acquired intelligence, not innate knowledge.
2- It was biased in favor of the white middle class.
3- Technical difficulties.
4-Average mental age of 13 reaffirmed xenophobic and eugenic movements.
What are emotions?
Subjective feelings associated with physiological states are necessary to have normal human
experiences. All emotions share some characteristics:
1. Physiological Response.
2. Stereotyped somatic motor response (ex- movement of facial muscles).
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Emotions are a response to a physiological change in the body. (Application-- you are sad because you
are crying)
Assumptions of James-Lange Theory
1. In the absence of physiological response, there is no emotion.
2. There is a set number of physiological responses.
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotions
The physiological response and the emotion occur simultaneously and independently. (Application--a
bear is approaching, and I am sweating, trembling, and my heart is pounding...I must be nervous).
Findings Cannon-Bard Theory
1. There is no relation between a particular emotion and the body's physiological state.
2. Many emotions produce a similar physiological response. (Example-- fear and anger).
3. People and animals with spinal cord damage still show emotions-- you don't need to have
sensations to have emotions.
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Because the physiological response is not specific to each emotion (undifferentiated physiological
arousal), we interpret the emotion differently based on the situation. The two factors are cognitive
and physiological. (Application-- a bear is approaching and my heart is pounding, I'm sweating, and
I'm running away. My cognitive label for the bear is that it is scary. The emotion I am feeling is fear).
What is an appraisal?
Checking the situation around us by looking for environmental cues. Questions include: Is the stimuli a
threat? How do I handle the threat? Fight, flight, or freeze? If we get secondary information, we do a
secondary appraisal.
Who is Patient SM?
A patient with Urbach-Wiethe disease, or the calcification and atrophy of the anterior medial
temporal lobes. She had no motor or sensory impairment or deficits in language, memory, or
intelligence. Ultimately, she has problems recognizing anger and cannot recognize fear.
What is Sensation?
