IB ESS Topic 8 - Human systems & resource use || Already Passed.

Carrying Capacity correct answers Carrying Capacity is the largest number of individuals in a population that the resources in the environment can support for an extended period of time. Demographer correct answers Demographer are professionals who study the characteristics (e.g. composition, distribution, trends) of human populations. Population Momentum correct answers Population momentum is the tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time when replacement-level fertility has been reached, because of a relatively high concentration of people in their childbearing years. This situation is due to past high fertility rates which result in a large number of young people. Exponential correct answers Growth of a population is exponential when the rate of growth is proportional to the number of individual. Population Pressure correct answers Population pressure occurs when population per unit area exceeds the carrying capacity. Neo-Mathusians correct answers Neo-Mathusians believe that an expanding population will put unsustainable pressure on food and other resources. Anti-Mathusians correct answers Anti-Mathusians, or resource optimists, believe that human will continue to overcome problem of limited resources. Crude Birth Rate correct answers The crude birth rate is the number of live births in a country or region per thousand population in a year. Crude Death Rate correct answers The crude death rate is the number of deaths in a country or region per thousand population in a year. Rate of Natural Change correct answers The rate of natural change is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. This is usually positive (natural increase) but may also be negative (natural decrease). Fertility Rate correct answers Fertility rate is the number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years in a given year. Total Fertility Rate correct answers Total fertility rate is the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman (or group of women) during her lifetime, if she were to pass through her childbearing years confirming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year. Replacement-level Fertility correct answers Replacement-level fertility is the level at which the people in each generation have just enough children to replace themselves in the population.