UW MADISON ZOOLOGY 151 EXAM 2
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS {
GRADED A+}
Semi Conservative Replication - ✔✔One strand of DNA is
conserved, one new strand is created
DNA Helicase - ✔✔Unwinds the DNA
Binding Proteins - ✔✔Stabilize separated strands
DNA Polymerase - ✔✔Adds and links new bases, releases 2
phosphates
Origin of Replication - ✔✔Where the helicase and polymerase
begin replication, creates replication bubble with 2 forks
Prokaryotic organisms have how many replication bubbles? -
✔✔1
,Eukaryotic chromosomes are - ✔✔Long and linear with multiple
origins of replication
Topoisomerase - ✔✔Corrects supercoiling by cutting the two
strands, allowing them to unwind, and then rejoining them
Primase - ✔✔Build RNA primer so that polymerase can begin
replication, primer is overlapped by a different polymerase later
DNA Ligase - ✔✔Solves the problem of okazaki fragments by
linking them to the existing strand
Okazaki Fragments - ✔✔Fragments of DNA produced on the
lagging strand, caused by the fact that the replication must keep
starting over
Telomere - ✔✔The end of a chromosome
Telomerase - ✔✔Enzyme that adds bases to the parental strand,
meaning that polymerase can run over even the ends of the
strand
In what cells is telomerase active? - ✔✔1) Sex cells
2) Stem cells
, 3) Cancer cells
How do you replicate DNA in a lab? - ✔✔1) Get bacteria to do it
(plasmid DNA)
2) In a test tube with a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
How does DNA make a protein? - ✔✔1) Transcription of mRNA
from DNA
2) Translation of mRNA into proteins at ribosome
Messenger RNA - ✔✔Carries sequence information from DNA to
ribosome
Why use mRNA instead of DNA? - ✔✔1) Can make many
mRNA's from one DNA
2) Can change whether or not to make mRNA / how much
3) Earliest cells may not have had DNA
Transcription Unit - ✔✔A region of DNA used as a template for a
particular mRNA
Promoter DNA - ✔✔Where RNA polymerase and cofactors bind
and transcription begins
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS {
GRADED A+}
Semi Conservative Replication - ✔✔One strand of DNA is
conserved, one new strand is created
DNA Helicase - ✔✔Unwinds the DNA
Binding Proteins - ✔✔Stabilize separated strands
DNA Polymerase - ✔✔Adds and links new bases, releases 2
phosphates
Origin of Replication - ✔✔Where the helicase and polymerase
begin replication, creates replication bubble with 2 forks
Prokaryotic organisms have how many replication bubbles? -
✔✔1
,Eukaryotic chromosomes are - ✔✔Long and linear with multiple
origins of replication
Topoisomerase - ✔✔Corrects supercoiling by cutting the two
strands, allowing them to unwind, and then rejoining them
Primase - ✔✔Build RNA primer so that polymerase can begin
replication, primer is overlapped by a different polymerase later
DNA Ligase - ✔✔Solves the problem of okazaki fragments by
linking them to the existing strand
Okazaki Fragments - ✔✔Fragments of DNA produced on the
lagging strand, caused by the fact that the replication must keep
starting over
Telomere - ✔✔The end of a chromosome
Telomerase - ✔✔Enzyme that adds bases to the parental strand,
meaning that polymerase can run over even the ends of the
strand
In what cells is telomerase active? - ✔✔1) Sex cells
2) Stem cells
, 3) Cancer cells
How do you replicate DNA in a lab? - ✔✔1) Get bacteria to do it
(plasmid DNA)
2) In a test tube with a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
How does DNA make a protein? - ✔✔1) Transcription of mRNA
from DNA
2) Translation of mRNA into proteins at ribosome
Messenger RNA - ✔✔Carries sequence information from DNA to
ribosome
Why use mRNA instead of DNA? - ✔✔1) Can make many
mRNA's from one DNA
2) Can change whether or not to make mRNA / how much
3) Earliest cells may not have had DNA
Transcription Unit - ✔✔A region of DNA used as a template for a
particular mRNA
Promoter DNA - ✔✔Where RNA polymerase and cofactors bind
and transcription begins
