CHEM 121 Experiment 5: Bonding and Properties SPRING 2024 Portage learning

Title: Bonding and Properties Purpose: Study the infrared spectra and physical properties of molecules to determine what kinds of intra-molecular bonds are present within the molecules and what kinds of intermolecular bonds are present between the molecules. Procedure: 1. Add potassium chloride (ionic) to water in a test tube. Shake tube so potassium chloride dissolves. 2. Add pentate to test tube of water. Shake to see if it dissolves in the water. 3. Add normal propyl chloride to test tube of water 4. Add ethyl alcohol to test tube of water. Shake and observe 5. Add butyl alcohol to test tube of water. Shake and observe. 6. Add tert-butyl alcohol to test tube of water. Shake and observe. 7. Add acetic acid to test tube of water. Shake and observe. 8. Combine Pentane and normal propyl chloride in the same test tube. 9. Add iodine crystal to a test tube with pentane Boiling Point Study 10. Place tertial butyl alcohol into boiling apparatus. Measure temperature of vapors as it passes into condenser using a temperature probe. When temperature stabilizes, note the temperature as the boiling point 11. Do the same steps with the following substances to measure boiling points, ethyl alcohol , n- butyl alcohol , acetic acid , pentane, n-propyl chloride Infrared Spectroscopy 12. Add sample to IR. 13. Set instrument settings 14. Grind substance 15. Run program on IR. 16. Note IR spectrum 17. Data/Results/Calculations: White solid is at the bottom of the test tube with water and potassium chloride Pentate made a liquid layer on top. Did not dissolve. Normal Propyl chloride is a layer on top when added, and does not dissolve Ethyl alcohol dissolved in water.