ALEKS PLACEMENT TEST: CHEMISTRY WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space; made of atoms
Atoms
Basic unit of matter which cannot be broken down and contain mostly empty space; contains three
parts: the electron, proton, and neutron
Elements
A pure substance that contains only one type of atom
Compound
Two or more elements that are chemically bonded; includes ionic and covalent
Mixture
Two or more substances that are together but not bonded
Pure Substance
Substance that contains only one kind of compound
Bose-Einstein Condensate
The state of matter with the lowest energy; basically a very cold solid
Solid
A state of matter with strong bonds
Liquid
A state of matter with weak bonds
Gas
A state of matter with no bonds
Plasma
The state of matter with the highest energy; it uses ionization instead of bonds
Robert Boyle
First to define an element; any substance is a substance unless it can be broken down
John Dalton
Used and combined previous ideas to discuss the atom; elements are made of atoms; all atoms of an
element are identical; atoms of different elements are different; law of constant composition; atoms
are invisible
,Law of Constant Composition
Atoms of one element can combine with other elements to form compounds; a given compound
always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms
J.J. Thomson
Discovered electrons and protons and developed the plum pudding model of an atom
Electrons
The negatively charged particle in an atom; circles around the nucleus in the electron cloud
Proton
The positively charged particle in an atom; located in the nucleus; determine the element
Neutron
The neutral particle in an atom; it has no charge and is located in the nucleus
Plum Pudding Model
A model of the atom that depicts a sphere of positive charge with electrons scattered throughout
Ernest Rutherford
Conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at gold foil; roved there was a small, dense
nucleus with a positive charge and that protons are positive
Metals
Elements located on the left side of the periodic table that want to lose electrons
Characteristics of Metals
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Conductive
- Lustrous
Malleable
The ability to be molded into shapes
Ductile
The ability to be pulled into wire
Conductive
The ability to allow heat or electricity to pass through an object
Lustrous
The ability to be shiny
, Nonmetals
Elements located on the right side of the periodic table that want to gain electrons
Metalloids
Elements placed in a stair-step line between metals and nonmetals; they have characteristics of both
Diatomic Molecules
Elements that occur in pairs in their natural state; hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine
Electronegativity
The ability of a molecule to attract electrons to it; increases as you move left to right in the table and
decreases as you move top to bottom; fluorine is the hardest
Atomic Radius
The radius of an atom; decreases as you move left to right and increases as you move top to bottom
Ionization Energy
The energy needed to rip off an electron; increases as you move left to right and decreases as you
move top to bottom
Ion
An atom that has gained or lost electrons
Anion
An atom that gains electrons and has a negative charge; nonmetals
Cation
An atom that looses electrons and has a positive charge; metals
Isotope
An atom that has changed its number of neutrons
Atomic Number
A unique number to each element that tells the number of protons and the number of electrons if the
atom is neutral
Atomic Mass
A number that tells the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Neutron Number
Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space; made of atoms
Atoms
Basic unit of matter which cannot be broken down and contain mostly empty space; contains three
parts: the electron, proton, and neutron
Elements
A pure substance that contains only one type of atom
Compound
Two or more elements that are chemically bonded; includes ionic and covalent
Mixture
Two or more substances that are together but not bonded
Pure Substance
Substance that contains only one kind of compound
Bose-Einstein Condensate
The state of matter with the lowest energy; basically a very cold solid
Solid
A state of matter with strong bonds
Liquid
A state of matter with weak bonds
Gas
A state of matter with no bonds
Plasma
The state of matter with the highest energy; it uses ionization instead of bonds
Robert Boyle
First to define an element; any substance is a substance unless it can be broken down
John Dalton
Used and combined previous ideas to discuss the atom; elements are made of atoms; all atoms of an
element are identical; atoms of different elements are different; law of constant composition; atoms
are invisible
,Law of Constant Composition
Atoms of one element can combine with other elements to form compounds; a given compound
always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms
J.J. Thomson
Discovered electrons and protons and developed the plum pudding model of an atom
Electrons
The negatively charged particle in an atom; circles around the nucleus in the electron cloud
Proton
The positively charged particle in an atom; located in the nucleus; determine the element
Neutron
The neutral particle in an atom; it has no charge and is located in the nucleus
Plum Pudding Model
A model of the atom that depicts a sphere of positive charge with electrons scattered throughout
Ernest Rutherford
Conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles at gold foil; roved there was a small, dense
nucleus with a positive charge and that protons are positive
Metals
Elements located on the left side of the periodic table that want to lose electrons
Characteristics of Metals
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Conductive
- Lustrous
Malleable
The ability to be molded into shapes
Ductile
The ability to be pulled into wire
Conductive
The ability to allow heat or electricity to pass through an object
Lustrous
The ability to be shiny
, Nonmetals
Elements located on the right side of the periodic table that want to gain electrons
Metalloids
Elements placed in a stair-step line between metals and nonmetals; they have characteristics of both
Diatomic Molecules
Elements that occur in pairs in their natural state; hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine
Electronegativity
The ability of a molecule to attract electrons to it; increases as you move left to right in the table and
decreases as you move top to bottom; fluorine is the hardest
Atomic Radius
The radius of an atom; decreases as you move left to right and increases as you move top to bottom
Ionization Energy
The energy needed to rip off an electron; increases as you move left to right and decreases as you
move top to bottom
Ion
An atom that has gained or lost electrons
Anion
An atom that gains electrons and has a negative charge; nonmetals
Cation
An atom that looses electrons and has a positive charge; metals
Isotope
An atom that has changed its number of neutrons
Atomic Number
A unique number to each element that tells the number of protons and the number of electrons if the
atom is neutral
Atomic Mass
A number that tells the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Neutron Number
Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
