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Biology
The study of life
Cell Division
Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
Sexual Reproduction
Cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
Asexual Reproduction
Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
Mitosis
cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
Cell Cycle
pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell
Chromosome
Tightly wound strand of genetic material or DNA
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Heredity
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Recessive
trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
, Dominant
observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Allele
alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
Law of independent assortment
The inheritance pattern of one trait will not affect the inheritance pattern of another
Punnett Square
diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
Sex-Linked Trait
A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.
DNA
a complex molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosomes
Watson and Crick
Developed the double helix model of DNA.
Nucleotide
Building blocks (monomer) of nucleic acid.
Codon
a sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents the code for one amino acid
Amino Acids
Building blocks of protein
RNA
A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages
Cellular Respiration
The process of using sugar and oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis