MEDICAL FACTORS AND VARIOUS
UNDERLYING ETIOLOGIES OF
DYSPHAGIA EXAM WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Respiratory/pulmonary issues and swallowing - ✔✔-any disruption of the
airway protection
-pts with preexisting pulmonary diseases
-artificial airways
-often need for oxygen
any disruption of the airway protection - ✔✔high risk of dysphagia
(aspiration)
pts w/ preexisting pulmonary diseases - ✔✔difficulties tolerating even mild
dysphagia
-emphysema, COPD, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis,
pneumonia
,*if they get aspiration--> higher risk they get pneumonia (be more
conservative with our recommendations)
artificial airways - ✔✔tracheostomy/laryngectomy
often need for oxygen - ✔✔xerostomia
-through a nasal cannula, ventilator, face mask
pneumonia - ✔✔inflammation and edema of the lungs caused by bacteria,
viruses, or fungi
-usually occurs when immune system is weakened
-can affect 1 or both lungs
-ID with chest xray
-various types
CHF (cognitive heart failure) and pulmonary edema - ✔✔not caused by
infection --> NOT pneumonia
types of pneumonia - ✔✔community acquired, hospital acquired, ventilator
related, aspiration pneumonia, "diagnosis of circumstances)
-NOT every pneumonia is caused by dysphagia
symptoms of pneumonia - ✔✔chest pain, fever, cough, shortness of
breath, increased respiratory and heart rates, mental confusion
-higher rates in people 75 and older, living in LTC facilities, having CVA
, -in elderly, often starts with changes in mental status, fall, weight loss,
sepsis, incontinence, changes in respiratory/heart rates
causes of pneumonia - ✔✔MULTIfactorial
-UTI is a big cause (due to toxicity)
sudden changes in mental states in elderly - ✔✔can indicate underlying
infection
-inform MD and nursing anf document
pneumonitis - ✔✔acute inflammation of lungs caused by aspiration of
gastric contents
-symptoms vary widely, develop rapidly
-ID with chest xray
-not related to age, rather to depressed level of consciousness (during
anesthesia for surgery, etc.)
aspiration - ✔✔common in people, usually during night
-not every aspiration causes pneumonia
-frequency, type, amount as well as disorders that affect upper digestive
tract, age, can increase chances of aspiration (especially when aspirating
excessive bacteria)
-NOT all aspiration pneumonias occurs in the right lung
pathways to aspiration - ✔✔-aspiration of food/liquid during swallowing
UNDERLYING ETIOLOGIES OF
DYSPHAGIA EXAM WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Respiratory/pulmonary issues and swallowing - ✔✔-any disruption of the
airway protection
-pts with preexisting pulmonary diseases
-artificial airways
-often need for oxygen
any disruption of the airway protection - ✔✔high risk of dysphagia
(aspiration)
pts w/ preexisting pulmonary diseases - ✔✔difficulties tolerating even mild
dysphagia
-emphysema, COPD, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis,
pneumonia
,*if they get aspiration--> higher risk they get pneumonia (be more
conservative with our recommendations)
artificial airways - ✔✔tracheostomy/laryngectomy
often need for oxygen - ✔✔xerostomia
-through a nasal cannula, ventilator, face mask
pneumonia - ✔✔inflammation and edema of the lungs caused by bacteria,
viruses, or fungi
-usually occurs when immune system is weakened
-can affect 1 or both lungs
-ID with chest xray
-various types
CHF (cognitive heart failure) and pulmonary edema - ✔✔not caused by
infection --> NOT pneumonia
types of pneumonia - ✔✔community acquired, hospital acquired, ventilator
related, aspiration pneumonia, "diagnosis of circumstances)
-NOT every pneumonia is caused by dysphagia
symptoms of pneumonia - ✔✔chest pain, fever, cough, shortness of
breath, increased respiratory and heart rates, mental confusion
-higher rates in people 75 and older, living in LTC facilities, having CVA
, -in elderly, often starts with changes in mental status, fall, weight loss,
sepsis, incontinence, changes in respiratory/heart rates
causes of pneumonia - ✔✔MULTIfactorial
-UTI is a big cause (due to toxicity)
sudden changes in mental states in elderly - ✔✔can indicate underlying
infection
-inform MD and nursing anf document
pneumonitis - ✔✔acute inflammation of lungs caused by aspiration of
gastric contents
-symptoms vary widely, develop rapidly
-ID with chest xray
-not related to age, rather to depressed level of consciousness (during
anesthesia for surgery, etc.)
aspiration - ✔✔common in people, usually during night
-not every aspiration causes pneumonia
-frequency, type, amount as well as disorders that affect upper digestive
tract, age, can increase chances of aspiration (especially when aspirating
excessive bacteria)
-NOT all aspiration pneumonias occurs in the right lung
pathways to aspiration - ✔✔-aspiration of food/liquid during swallowing
