DYSPHAGIA IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS { GRADED A+}

DYSPHAGIA IN PEDIATRIC

POPULATION EXAM WITH COMPLETE

ANSWERS { GRADED A+}



Differences in A&P and feeding needs for NEWBORN -✔✔ -to attach to

breast/bottle, providing better control for tongue by decreasing spaces

-better protection for airways against aspiration

-no volitional movements yet

-some of the reflexes will diminish over time as cortex takes over volitional

movement

-suckling vs sucking

providing better control for tongue by decreasing spaces in newborn -✔✔ -

smaller oral cavity

-smaller jaw

-larger tongue

-larger buccal fat pads

, better protection for airways against aspiration in newborn -✔✔ -larynx is

higher in the cervical spine

-uvula and epiglottis are in contact

no volitional movements yet in the newborn -✔✔ -feeding is modulated

with reflexes (adaptive and protective)

-brainstem is most developed, all 3 stages are involuntary (in older

children/adults, oral stage is VOLUNTARY)

Reflexive feeding period -✔✔ -oral stage is reflexive

-intake is single consistency (fluid)

-plane of tongue movement is unidirectional

-suckling movement is brainstem mediated, using a CPG

Volitional feeding period -✔✔ -oral phase is volitional

-intake is of variable consistencies (fluids and solids)

-plane of tongue movement is multidirectional

-greater cerebral input is required to control complex masticatory

movement patterns for biting and chewing

suckling -✔✔ reflexive

sucking -✔✔ volitional