ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
NORMAL SWALLOW EXAM WITH 100 %
CORRECT ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Stages of Normal Swallow - ✔✔1. Oral
2. Pharyngeal
3. Esophageal
parts of oral stage - ✔✔-oral anticipatory
-oral preparatory
-oral transport
*whole oral stage is VOLITIONAL
oral anticipatory - ✔✔stage of swallowing when food just reached
the mouth
-pre-oral sensory-motor cues (smell, temp, pressure --> touch lips
w/ spoon, recognition of utensil) are important
,-regulating type, rate, and amount of oral intake
-VOLITIONAL --> we can stop and modify it at any time / can
control it
EX: rounding the lips, open the mouth
oral preparatory - ✔✔food is prepared for swallowing
-VOLITIONAL
-several processes occur at the same time
-food intro into the mouth and keeping it there (lips seal -->
breathing through the nose, tongue back is elevated, tongue cups
to hold the food, velum is lowered)
-tension of buccal muscles (to keep the food in position)
-depending on the consistency of the food: oral manipulation and
mastication occur (sensory input of taste, pressure, touch, temp
are important), efficient mandible movement (circular rotary
movement)
-food is mixed with saliva, cohesive bolus is made, kept anteriorly
-airway is open, nasal breathing continues
, efficient mandible movement - ✔✔circular rotary movement
-can be impaired due to fracture or jaw stabilization
saliva - ✔✔moistens the food, enzymes start the digestive
process right in the mouth
-chemo or radiation could impact production --> impacts
swallowing bc of dry mouth
bolus - ✔✔shared food ready to be transported/swallowed
oral transport - ✔✔-VOLITIONAL
-mastication (for solids) stops
-back of tongue drops down and pulls posteriorly
-anterior tongue elevates to the hard palate and squeezes the
bolus back (A-P transport)
-bolus contacts with faces to trigger swallow reflexes (beginning
of pharyngeal stage)
pharyngeal stage - ✔✔this stage results in the most problems -->
hard to target in therapy
-NONVOLITIONAL (under control of autonomic NS)
NORMAL SWALLOW EXAM WITH 100 %
CORRECT ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Stages of Normal Swallow - ✔✔1. Oral
2. Pharyngeal
3. Esophageal
parts of oral stage - ✔✔-oral anticipatory
-oral preparatory
-oral transport
*whole oral stage is VOLITIONAL
oral anticipatory - ✔✔stage of swallowing when food just reached
the mouth
-pre-oral sensory-motor cues (smell, temp, pressure --> touch lips
w/ spoon, recognition of utensil) are important
,-regulating type, rate, and amount of oral intake
-VOLITIONAL --> we can stop and modify it at any time / can
control it
EX: rounding the lips, open the mouth
oral preparatory - ✔✔food is prepared for swallowing
-VOLITIONAL
-several processes occur at the same time
-food intro into the mouth and keeping it there (lips seal -->
breathing through the nose, tongue back is elevated, tongue cups
to hold the food, velum is lowered)
-tension of buccal muscles (to keep the food in position)
-depending on the consistency of the food: oral manipulation and
mastication occur (sensory input of taste, pressure, touch, temp
are important), efficient mandible movement (circular rotary
movement)
-food is mixed with saliva, cohesive bolus is made, kept anteriorly
-airway is open, nasal breathing continues
, efficient mandible movement - ✔✔circular rotary movement
-can be impaired due to fracture or jaw stabilization
saliva - ✔✔moistens the food, enzymes start the digestive
process right in the mouth
-chemo or radiation could impact production --> impacts
swallowing bc of dry mouth
bolus - ✔✔shared food ready to be transported/swallowed
oral transport - ✔✔-VOLITIONAL
-mastication (for solids) stops
-back of tongue drops down and pulls posteriorly
-anterior tongue elevates to the hard palate and squeezes the
bolus back (A-P transport)
-bolus contacts with faces to trigger swallow reflexes (beginning
of pharyngeal stage)
pharyngeal stage - ✔✔this stage results in the most problems -->
hard to target in therapy
-NONVOLITIONAL (under control of autonomic NS)
