NAVLE Prep Questions And Answers.
Clinical signs of healthy diabetic -
\PU/PD, Weight loss, cataracts in dogs, plantigrade stance in cats,
What are clinical signs of Vit A deficiency in turtles -
\swollen palpebral edema and nasal discharge, Vit A helps with growth and repair of
tissues especially around the eyes, skin and mucous membranes
blood glucose for hyperglycemia vs severe DKA -
\hyperglycemia >300mg/dL
Severe DKA >500mg/dL
Risks of laminitis (founders) -
\METABOLIC DISEASE, obese, metabolic-prone breed (Morgans, ponies, miniatures,
ect.), Cushing's, excess grass intake, endotoxemia, supportive limb, iatrogenic steroid
induced
Laminitis: _______ tendon attaches to the _____ bone on the palmer aspect causing
rotation leading to "sink" -
\Deep digital flexor, coffin bone
Laminitis more often affects (front or back) feet -
\Front
Clinical signs for laminitis -
\increased digital pulse, rocking back stance, recumbency
positive hoof tester on toe
Treatment of laminitis -
\cooling feet, anti inflammatory, phenoxybenzamine (vasodilation), treat underlying
cause
Navicular Syndrome
Risk factors
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Nerve block
Treatment -
\RF: breed (paints, quarter horses), small feet
Path: any pain off from navicular bone or ligaments, osteophytes on the navicular bone
pressure on DDF tendon
CS: usually front bilateral, switching lameness, positive hoof tester on heel,
NB: palmar digital
, Tx: wedge or heel pad, hoof care, anti-inflammatory, poss. bisphosphonate inj for
osteoclast
Tendonitis/Desmitis
Most common tendons affected
Pathogenesis -
\suspensory ligament (proximal), DDF tendon, SDF tendon
Path: acute trauma or chronic weakening
Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis -
\not athletic overuse, progressive failure of collagen fiber in suspensory ligament
apparatus, significant fetlock drop, positive to flexion, bilateral or all legs
Anaplasma Marginale (Rickettsia) -
\Vector: tick
Clinical signs: Anemia, icterus, Fever, late gestation abortions, inclusions on blood
smear, No hemoglobinuria
TX: tetracycline
Prog: better in younger, 20% mortality in adults
Disease in which organ system can cause photosensitivity -
\liver disease
What is the treatment of choice for feather cyst (ingrown feathers) -
\surgical removal including the feather follicle
Dictyocaulus vivparous -
\Lungworm, direct live cycle, late summer/ fall
CS: cough, self-limiting
Dx: Baerman sedimentation
Tx: ivermectin, albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole (no ABx or thiabendazole)
Moroccan leather (cobblestone abomasum) is pathognomonic for which organism -
\ostertagia ostertagi (Type II)
Ostertagia ostertagi -
\#1 GI parasite in cattle
control O. Ostertagi and you control other parasites
CS: GI, diarrhea, or none
Dx: egg count "Moroccan leather" (cobblestone abomasum) - path gnomic
Tx: Ivermectin
Clinical signs of haemonchus contortus -
\peracute/ chronic: failure to thrive, weight loss, decreased appetite
severe: weakness (unable to stand), bottle jaw, anemia
Clinical signs of healthy diabetic -
\PU/PD, Weight loss, cataracts in dogs, plantigrade stance in cats,
What are clinical signs of Vit A deficiency in turtles -
\swollen palpebral edema and nasal discharge, Vit A helps with growth and repair of
tissues especially around the eyes, skin and mucous membranes
blood glucose for hyperglycemia vs severe DKA -
\hyperglycemia >300mg/dL
Severe DKA >500mg/dL
Risks of laminitis (founders) -
\METABOLIC DISEASE, obese, metabolic-prone breed (Morgans, ponies, miniatures,
ect.), Cushing's, excess grass intake, endotoxemia, supportive limb, iatrogenic steroid
induced
Laminitis: _______ tendon attaches to the _____ bone on the palmer aspect causing
rotation leading to "sink" -
\Deep digital flexor, coffin bone
Laminitis more often affects (front or back) feet -
\Front
Clinical signs for laminitis -
\increased digital pulse, rocking back stance, recumbency
positive hoof tester on toe
Treatment of laminitis -
\cooling feet, anti inflammatory, phenoxybenzamine (vasodilation), treat underlying
cause
Navicular Syndrome
Risk factors
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Nerve block
Treatment -
\RF: breed (paints, quarter horses), small feet
Path: any pain off from navicular bone or ligaments, osteophytes on the navicular bone
pressure on DDF tendon
CS: usually front bilateral, switching lameness, positive hoof tester on heel,
NB: palmar digital
, Tx: wedge or heel pad, hoof care, anti-inflammatory, poss. bisphosphonate inj for
osteoclast
Tendonitis/Desmitis
Most common tendons affected
Pathogenesis -
\suspensory ligament (proximal), DDF tendon, SDF tendon
Path: acute trauma or chronic weakening
Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis -
\not athletic overuse, progressive failure of collagen fiber in suspensory ligament
apparatus, significant fetlock drop, positive to flexion, bilateral or all legs
Anaplasma Marginale (Rickettsia) -
\Vector: tick
Clinical signs: Anemia, icterus, Fever, late gestation abortions, inclusions on blood
smear, No hemoglobinuria
TX: tetracycline
Prog: better in younger, 20% mortality in adults
Disease in which organ system can cause photosensitivity -
\liver disease
What is the treatment of choice for feather cyst (ingrown feathers) -
\surgical removal including the feather follicle
Dictyocaulus vivparous -
\Lungworm, direct live cycle, late summer/ fall
CS: cough, self-limiting
Dx: Baerman sedimentation
Tx: ivermectin, albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole (no ABx or thiabendazole)
Moroccan leather (cobblestone abomasum) is pathognomonic for which organism -
\ostertagia ostertagi (Type II)
Ostertagia ostertagi -
\#1 GI parasite in cattle
control O. Ostertagi and you control other parasites
CS: GI, diarrhea, or none
Dx: egg count "Moroccan leather" (cobblestone abomasum) - path gnomic
Tx: Ivermectin
Clinical signs of haemonchus contortus -
\peracute/ chronic: failure to thrive, weight loss, decreased appetite
severe: weakness (unable to stand), bottle jaw, anemia
