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Immune System - The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that
collaborate to safeguard the body against harmful intruders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Its main role is to identify and remove these pathogens while distinguishing them from the
body's own healthy cells.
Divided into two main Components
● INNATE IMMUNITY
● ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
In an innate community, recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of
pathogens.
2 physical barrier:
1. SKIN
2. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
,- It's like the body's first line of defense.
- It provides immediate, general protection against a wide range of pathogens.
- It's always ready to respond and doesn't need prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
- It includes physical barriers like the skin, as well as immune cells that can quickly
recognize and destroy invaders.
In both vertebrates and invertebrates, innate immunity is mediated by physical and chemical
barriers as well as cell-based defenses.
In insects, pathogens that penetrate barrier defenses are ingested by cellsin the hemolymph
that also release antimicrobial peptides.
,In vertebrates, intact skin and mucuous membranes form barriers to pathogens.
Body Cavities
There are lined with mucosae they tend to be acidic. Many of them have Lysozymes which
destroy bacteria
Acidity - inhibits bacterial growth
Internal defense of Innate Immune Response
1. White Blood Cells
Neutrophil in the Phagocytosis
, Natural Killer Cells
- Type of lymphocyte (white blood cells)
-which circulate in the blood and lymph that can kill cancer cells and infected cells early on,
simply by detecting certain abnormalities in the cell and inducing apoptosis which is
programmed cell death
THE INFLAMMATION RESPONSE
occurs when body tissues are injured in some way, by physical trauma, heat or infection
this is done by mast cells, these cells are constantly searching for suspicious objects in the
body, when they find something they release a signal (inflammatory chemical) in the form of
HISTAMINE MOLECULES
Immune System - The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that
collaborate to safeguard the body against harmful intruders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Its main role is to identify and remove these pathogens while distinguishing them from the
body's own healthy cells.
Divided into two main Components
● INNATE IMMUNITY
● ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
In an innate community, recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of
pathogens.
2 physical barrier:
1. SKIN
2. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
,- It's like the body's first line of defense.
- It provides immediate, general protection against a wide range of pathogens.
- It's always ready to respond and doesn't need prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
- It includes physical barriers like the skin, as well as immune cells that can quickly
recognize and destroy invaders.
In both vertebrates and invertebrates, innate immunity is mediated by physical and chemical
barriers as well as cell-based defenses.
In insects, pathogens that penetrate barrier defenses are ingested by cellsin the hemolymph
that also release antimicrobial peptides.
,In vertebrates, intact skin and mucuous membranes form barriers to pathogens.
Body Cavities
There are lined with mucosae they tend to be acidic. Many of them have Lysozymes which
destroy bacteria
Acidity - inhibits bacterial growth
Internal defense of Innate Immune Response
1. White Blood Cells
Neutrophil in the Phagocytosis
, Natural Killer Cells
- Type of lymphocyte (white blood cells)
-which circulate in the blood and lymph that can kill cancer cells and infected cells early on,
simply by detecting certain abnormalities in the cell and inducing apoptosis which is
programmed cell death
THE INFLAMMATION RESPONSE
occurs when body tissues are injured in some way, by physical trauma, heat or infection
this is done by mast cells, these cells are constantly searching for suspicious objects in the
body, when they find something they release a signal (inflammatory chemical) in the form of
HISTAMINE MOLECULES
