Test Bank - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (8th Edition by Karch)
1. A researcher is studying chromosomal disorders. What part of the human cell
would the researcher be interested in studying?
a. Cytoplasm
b. Membrane
c. Nucleus
d. Organelles
Ans: C
Feedback:
The nucleus of a cell contains all of the genetic material that is necessary for cell
reproduction. The nucleus also contains genes or sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA). Genes are responsible for the formation of messenger ribonucleic acid
(mRNA) and transcription RNA, which are involved in production of proteins unique
to the cells. This is the area where chromosomal disorders originate. The cell
cytoplasm lies within the cell membrane and is the site of activities of cellular
metabolism and special cellular functions. The organelles are contained within the
cytoplasm and are structures with specific functions. They include the mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The
membrane is a thin barrier, which separates the intracellular fluid from the
extracellular fluid and is essential for cellular integrity; it also maintains cell
homeostasis.
2. Which of these body cells has the greatest number of mitochondria?
a. Tibia bone cells
b. Breast tissue
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Subcutaneous skin
Ans: C
Feedback:
Mitochondria are very abundant in cells that consume energy. The cardiac muscle
cells, which must work continually to keep the heart contracting, contain a great
number of mitochondria. Milk-producing cells in breast tissue, which are normally
dormant, contain very few. Cells of bone and of subcutaneous tissue do not consume a
great deal of energy; therefore, they have smaller numbers of mitochondria than
cardiac muscle.
, 3. When hormones, formed within the cell, move across the cell membrane, the
process is called what?
a. Endocytosis
b. Exocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Pinocytosis
Ans: B
Feedback:
Exocytosis is the movement of substances such as waste products, hormones, and
neurotransmitters out of the cell. Pinocytosis is the movement of nutrients and needed
substances into the cell through specific receptors on the cell surface. Phagocytosis
involves the destruction of engulfed proteins or bacteria. Endocytosis involves
incorporation of material into the cell.
4. What substances move freely in and out of a cell by diffusion?
a. Electrolytes
b. Enzymes
c. Hormones
d. Proteins
Ans: A
Feedback:
Sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, oxygen, bicarbonate, and water move freely
in and out of cells. These substances move through channels or pores in the cell
membrane through movement from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration. Hormones, enzymes, and proteins are considered carriers. If a
substance cannot move freely on its own, it may attach itself to another carrier to be
diffused.
5. There can be interference with cancer chemotherapy in what phase of the cell
cycle?
a. G0 phase
b. G1 phase
c. G2 phase
d. S phase
Ans: A
Feedback:
During the G0 phase, the cell is stable. Cells in this phase can interfere with cancer
chemotherapy because these drugs usually work on actively dividing cells, leaving
resting cells mostly untouched. When the resting cells are stimulated to become active
and regenerate, the cancer can return. This is the reason that cancer chemotherapy
regimens are complicated and extended over a period of time. In the G1 phase, a cell
1. A researcher is studying chromosomal disorders. What part of the human cell
would the researcher be interested in studying?
a. Cytoplasm
b. Membrane
c. Nucleus
d. Organelles
Ans: C
Feedback:
The nucleus of a cell contains all of the genetic material that is necessary for cell
reproduction. The nucleus also contains genes or sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA). Genes are responsible for the formation of messenger ribonucleic acid
(mRNA) and transcription RNA, which are involved in production of proteins unique
to the cells. This is the area where chromosomal disorders originate. The cell
cytoplasm lies within the cell membrane and is the site of activities of cellular
metabolism and special cellular functions. The organelles are contained within the
cytoplasm and are structures with specific functions. They include the mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The
membrane is a thin barrier, which separates the intracellular fluid from the
extracellular fluid and is essential for cellular integrity; it also maintains cell
homeostasis.
2. Which of these body cells has the greatest number of mitochondria?
a. Tibia bone cells
b. Breast tissue
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Subcutaneous skin
Ans: C
Feedback:
Mitochondria are very abundant in cells that consume energy. The cardiac muscle
cells, which must work continually to keep the heart contracting, contain a great
number of mitochondria. Milk-producing cells in breast tissue, which are normally
dormant, contain very few. Cells of bone and of subcutaneous tissue do not consume a
great deal of energy; therefore, they have smaller numbers of mitochondria than
cardiac muscle.
, 3. When hormones, formed within the cell, move across the cell membrane, the
process is called what?
a. Endocytosis
b. Exocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Pinocytosis
Ans: B
Feedback:
Exocytosis is the movement of substances such as waste products, hormones, and
neurotransmitters out of the cell. Pinocytosis is the movement of nutrients and needed
substances into the cell through specific receptors on the cell surface. Phagocytosis
involves the destruction of engulfed proteins or bacteria. Endocytosis involves
incorporation of material into the cell.
4. What substances move freely in and out of a cell by diffusion?
a. Electrolytes
b. Enzymes
c. Hormones
d. Proteins
Ans: A
Feedback:
Sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, oxygen, bicarbonate, and water move freely
in and out of cells. These substances move through channels or pores in the cell
membrane through movement from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration. Hormones, enzymes, and proteins are considered carriers. If a
substance cannot move freely on its own, it may attach itself to another carrier to be
diffused.
5. There can be interference with cancer chemotherapy in what phase of the cell
cycle?
a. G0 phase
b. G1 phase
c. G2 phase
d. S phase
Ans: A
Feedback:
During the G0 phase, the cell is stable. Cells in this phase can interfere with cancer
chemotherapy because these drugs usually work on actively dividing cells, leaving
resting cells mostly untouched. When the resting cells are stimulated to become active
and regenerate, the cancer can return. This is the reason that cancer chemotherapy
regimens are complicated and extended over a period of time. In the G1 phase, a cell
