Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (8th edition) TESTBANK WITH EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED UP-TODATE ANSWERS 2024 EDITION What are the three phases of DNA replication? - ANSWERInitiation, elongation, and termination. What is the role

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (8th edition) TESTBANK WITH EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED UP-TODATE ANSWERS 2024 EDITION What are the three phases of DNA replication? - ANSWERInitiation, elongation, and termination. What is the role of DNA polymerases in replication? - ANSWERTo synthesize DNA in the 5' - 3' direction. How is the leading strand synthesized? - ANSWERContinuously in the same direction as replication fork movement. How is the lagging strand synthesized? - ANSWERDiscontinuously as Okazaki fragments. What are nucleases? - ANSWEREnzymes that degrade DNA. What is the difference between endonucleases and exonucleases? - ANSWEREndonucleases cleave within a DNA polymer, while exonucleases degrade DNA from the end of one strand. What additional activities do DNA polymerases possess? - ANSWERExonuclease functions. How is the fidelity of DNA replication maintained? - ANSWERBase selection by the polymerase, 3' - 5' proofreading exonuclease activity, and specific repair systems for mismatches. What is the primary replication enzyme in E. coli? - ANSWERDNA polymerase III. What is the role of DNA polymerase I in replication? - ANSWERSpecial functions during replication, recombination, and repair. What other enzymes and protein factors are involved in replication? - ANSWERAn array of enzymes and proteins, including those from the AAA + ATPase family. When does replication initiation occur? - ANSWERWhen replicative helicases are loaded onto replication origins. What is a replisome? - ANSWERA supramolecular complex of nucleic acids and many proteins, including polymerases. When does replication termination occur? - ANSWERWhen replisomes proceeding in opposite directions converge.