PCC Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions, A+

Education requirements for current nursing practice - LPN- practical/vocational RN- associates or bachelors degree in nursing Advanced Practice- masters or doctorate in nursing patient centered care - providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions Important Nursing Organizations - -American Nurses Association -National League for Nursing -American Association of Colleges of Nursing -National Student Nurse's Association -Sigma Theta Tau (Delta Beta at USF) Roles of a Nurse - caregiver, advocate, educator, researcher, leader PICOT - P: Population I: Intervention C: Comparison O: Outcome T: Time SPLATT - Symptoms at time of fall Prior history of falls Location of fall Activity at time of fall Time of fall Trauma after fall Intrinsic fall risk factors - -orthostatic hypotension -meds -impaired gait/balance -neuropathy -incontinence -vision impairment -UTI -confusion extrinsic fall risks - unsafe environment, improper use of assistive devices guidelines for restraints - -Never ordered PRN -Follow hospital policy -Require order within 1 hour (time can vary per unit or hospital) -Must be re-ordered every 24 hours -Last resort (must try other measures first -Behavioral vs medical/surgical restraints -Assess and document frequently -Continuously reassess for ongoing need Alternatives to restraints - -assess needs -bed exit alarm -discontinue invasive lines -soothing environment -family involvement -sitter common medical errors - -medication errors -falls -nosocomial infections -surgical errors -equipment failure -diagnostic errors orthostatic hypotension - sudden drop in BP 10 mm Hg when moving from lying to sitting/standing -assess BP prior to transfer -sit up/dangle feet prior to transfer -return to bed if dizzy venous thromboembolism - -unilateral swelling, erythema, pain -hypoxia, tachy, dyspnea, pleuritic pain -prevention = early mobilization, leg exercises, SCDs, TED hose atelectasis - alveoli collapse -prevention: early mobilization, upright position, TCDB (turn, cough, deep breathe), incentive spirometer Complications of immobility - -constipation -contractures -atelectasis/pneumonia -DVT/VTE -orthostatic hypotension Do body mechanics protect from injury? - not always ambulating person with weak side - ambulate on the weak side, 2 people needed for the first time up Florence Nightingale - reduced infection, promoted health restoration and maintenance aims of nursing - -promote health -prevent illness