TEST BANK for Focus on Nursing Pharmacology well
Updated 2024/2025 Test Bank All Chapters 1-59.
Questions & Answers ( Complete Solution)A+
Absorption - ANSWER-what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it enters the
circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the circulating blood,
bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes
Active Transport - ANSWER-the movement of substances across a cell membrane against the
concentration gradient; this process requires the use of energy biotransformation
Chemotherapeutic Agents - ANSWER-synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the functioning of
foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the drug therapy of neoplasms, but it
also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell
Critical Concentration - ANSWER-the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues that respond to
the particular drug to cause the desired effect
Distribution - ANSWER-the movement of a drug to body tissues; the places where a drug may be
distributed depend on the drugs solubility, perfusion of the area, cardiac output, and binding of the
site to plasma proteins
Enzyme Induction - ANSWER-process by which the presence of a chemical that is biotransformed by
a particular enzyme system in the liver causes increased activity of that enzyme system
Excretion - ANSWER-removal of a drug by the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but can also
occur in the kidneys, skin, lungs, bile or feces
First Pass Effect - ANSWER-a phenomenon of which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver
after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can enter the
general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in higher doses than drugs given in other routes
because of this early breakdown
Glomerular Filtration - ANSWER-the passage of water and water soluble components from the
plasma into the renal tubule
, Half-Life - ANSWER-the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one half of
the peak level it previously achieved
Hepatic Microsomal System - ANSWER-liver enzymes tightly packed together in the hepatic
intracellular structure, responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, including drugs
Loading Dose - ANSWER-use of a higher dose than that which is usually used for tx to allow the drug
to reach the critical concentration sooner
Passive diffusion - ANSWER-movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane with the
concentration gradient; this process does not require energy
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-the science that deals with the interactions between the chemical
components of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs, that enter living organisms;
the way a drug affects the body
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER-the study of genetically determined variations in the response to
drugs
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-the way the body deals with a drug, including absorption, distribution,
biotransformation, and excretion
Placebo Effect - ANSWER-documented effect of the mind on drug therapy; if a person perceives that
a drug will be effective the drug is much more likely to actually be effective
Receptor Sites - ANSWER-specifics areas on cell membranes that react on certain chemicals to cause
an effect in a cell
Selective Toxicity - ANSWER-property of a chemotherapeutic agent that affects only systems found in
foreign cells w/o affecting healthy human cells [i.e.,specific antibodies can affect certain proteins or
enzymes systems used by bacteria but not by humans]
_________ is the study of the way that drugs affect the body - ANSWER-pharmacodynamics
drugs work in what 4 ways - ANSWER-1- replace or act as substitute for missing chemicals
Updated 2024/2025 Test Bank All Chapters 1-59.
Questions & Answers ( Complete Solution)A+
Absorption - ANSWER-what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it enters the
circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the circulating blood,
bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes
Active Transport - ANSWER-the movement of substances across a cell membrane against the
concentration gradient; this process requires the use of energy biotransformation
Chemotherapeutic Agents - ANSWER-synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the functioning of
foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the drug therapy of neoplasms, but it
also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell
Critical Concentration - ANSWER-the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues that respond to
the particular drug to cause the desired effect
Distribution - ANSWER-the movement of a drug to body tissues; the places where a drug may be
distributed depend on the drugs solubility, perfusion of the area, cardiac output, and binding of the
site to plasma proteins
Enzyme Induction - ANSWER-process by which the presence of a chemical that is biotransformed by
a particular enzyme system in the liver causes increased activity of that enzyme system
Excretion - ANSWER-removal of a drug by the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but can also
occur in the kidneys, skin, lungs, bile or feces
First Pass Effect - ANSWER-a phenomenon of which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver
after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can enter the
general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in higher doses than drugs given in other routes
because of this early breakdown
Glomerular Filtration - ANSWER-the passage of water and water soluble components from the
plasma into the renal tubule
, Half-Life - ANSWER-the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one half of
the peak level it previously achieved
Hepatic Microsomal System - ANSWER-liver enzymes tightly packed together in the hepatic
intracellular structure, responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, including drugs
Loading Dose - ANSWER-use of a higher dose than that which is usually used for tx to allow the drug
to reach the critical concentration sooner
Passive diffusion - ANSWER-movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane with the
concentration gradient; this process does not require energy
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-the science that deals with the interactions between the chemical
components of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs, that enter living organisms;
the way a drug affects the body
Pharmacogenomics - ANSWER-the study of genetically determined variations in the response to
drugs
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-the way the body deals with a drug, including absorption, distribution,
biotransformation, and excretion
Placebo Effect - ANSWER-documented effect of the mind on drug therapy; if a person perceives that
a drug will be effective the drug is much more likely to actually be effective
Receptor Sites - ANSWER-specifics areas on cell membranes that react on certain chemicals to cause
an effect in a cell
Selective Toxicity - ANSWER-property of a chemotherapeutic agent that affects only systems found in
foreign cells w/o affecting healthy human cells [i.e.,specific antibodies can affect certain proteins or
enzymes systems used by bacteria but not by humans]
_________ is the study of the way that drugs affect the body - ANSWER-pharmacodynamics
drugs work in what 4 ways - ANSWER-1- replace or act as substitute for missing chemicals
