NR503 Epidemiology Final, NR 503 Epi Final, NR 503 Epi
Midterm Questions and Answers (2024/2025)(Verified
Answers)
Common risk factors
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
Childhood risk
conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
Risk accumulation
Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease
Underlying determinants
a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization,
urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
Poverty
interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and decreased
access to health services
Primary prevention
aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits,
immunizations
Secondary prevention
reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA,
suitably modified work
Tertiary prevention
aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab
Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP)
materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide healthcare
interventions and other cultural variants
Marginalization
Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
Variables at risk for marginalization
high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency
Cultural competence
a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
,Norms & values
soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their
culture. Can be learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model
A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient.
Socioeconomic status
A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level, education
level, and typ of occupation.
Disparities
a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to another
Minorities
a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the
other in society
Food desert
neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods
Social determinants of health
poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to healthcare
Social justice theory
the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and quality of healthcare will
be the same
Data sources utilized to access determinants of health
Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority
Health and Health Disparities
Accommodation
To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other cultures within a
plan of care
Acculturation
degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that culture and adopted the
traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
Assimilation
the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream society to which it
may have emigrated
, Genetics
place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a screening tool could
be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease
Genetic risk assessment
when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a higher risk of having a disease such
as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
Genomics
study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the individuals
environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors
Pharmacogenomics
medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic variations
Components of genetic risk assessment
Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes
Relationship between genetics and environment
a patient may have a gene increasing risks of disease while also being exposed to environmental
factors that also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung cancer and radon gas
Cultural competence
A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or healthcare agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based in knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they tender care
Norms and values
Specific practices that guide their actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their
culture. Can be either learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model
A set of questions the advanced practice nurse can use in order to assess the culture of a patient
Socio economic status
A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a persons income level, education
level, and type of occupation. Some measures of socioeconomic status use only one dimension such
as income.
Disparities
A higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one group in relation to
another
Minorities
Midterm Questions and Answers (2024/2025)(Verified
Answers)
Common risk factors
unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
Childhood risk
conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
Risk accumulation
Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease
Underlying determinants
a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization,
urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
Poverty
interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and decreased
access to health services
Primary prevention
aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits,
immunizations
Secondary prevention
reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA,
suitably modified work
Tertiary prevention
aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab
Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP)
materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide healthcare
interventions and other cultural variants
Marginalization
Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
Variables at risk for marginalization
high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency
Cultural competence
a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
,Norms & values
soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their
culture. Can be learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model
A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient.
Socioeconomic status
A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level, education
level, and typ of occupation.
Disparities
a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to another
Minorities
a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the
other in society
Food desert
neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods
Social determinants of health
poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to healthcare
Social justice theory
the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and quality of healthcare will
be the same
Data sources utilized to access determinants of health
Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority
Health and Health Disparities
Accommodation
To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other cultures within a
plan of care
Acculturation
degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that culture and adopted the
traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
Assimilation
the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream society to which it
may have emigrated
, Genetics
place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a screening tool could
be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease
Genetic risk assessment
when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a higher risk of having a disease such
as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
Genomics
study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the individuals
environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors
Pharmacogenomics
medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic variations
Components of genetic risk assessment
Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes
Relationship between genetics and environment
a patient may have a gene increasing risks of disease while also being exposed to environmental
factors that also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung cancer and radon gas
Cultural competence
A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or healthcare agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based in knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they tender care
Norms and values
Specific practices that guide their actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their
culture. Can be either learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model
A set of questions the advanced practice nurse can use in order to assess the culture of a patient
Socio economic status
A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a persons income level, education
level, and type of occupation. Some measures of socioeconomic status use only one dimension such
as income.
Disparities
A higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one group in relation to
another
Minorities
