Exam (elaborations)
ES 200 TOP Exam Guide Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Explain what "proxies" are and why they are needed. - something measured that can be related to the temperature under which it formed. Give examples of proxies that can be used to estimate past temperatures - Proxies include: tree rings, pollen, oxygen isotopes, and stomata in fossil plants. What are stomata and how are they used in climate research - More Stomata=Cooler Temp Which oxygen isotopes are used for climate research. How exactly do they differ? - 18O and 16O . 16O accounts for 99.7% of all Oxygen and 18O accounts for 0.2% of all Oxygen Explain how a δ18O is calculated - [(18O/16O)sample - (18O/16O)standard] / (18O/16O)standard * 1000
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