maternal & child nursing care QUSTION AND ANSWERS 2024

maternal & child nursing care QUSTION AND ANSWERS 2024 Erythema toxicum (572) An eruption of lesion in the area surrounding a hair follicle that are firm, vary in size 1 to 3 mm and consist of white or pale yellow papule or pustule with an erythematous base, "Newborn rash" or "flea bite" dermatitis. Usually between 2 to 5 days after birth. Gestational age assessment tool ( 560) System use to evaluate newborn physical external characteristics and neurological and neuromuscular development to accurately determine age; supplement traditional calculation from woman's menstrual period. Grasping reflex (585) Normal newborn reflex elicited by stimulation palm with finger or object , resulting in newborn firmly holding on to finger or object. Harlequin sign (572) A deep red color develops over one side of the newborns body while the other side remains pale. Results from vasomotor disturbance in which blood vessels on one side dilate and the other side constrict. May have many or single episodes, but are transit and clinically insignificant; Should document each occurrence. Jaundice( 572) Yellowish discoloration of skin and mucous membrane; progress from head to toe and regresses in the opposite direction; evaluated by blanching the tip of nose , forehead , the sternum or the gum line Lanugo( 562) Fine, downy hair found on all body parts of the fetus ,with exception of palms and heels of feet after 20 weeks gestation Milia (572) Exposed sebaceous glands, appear to be raised white spots on face, especially across the nose. Molding (574) Head may appear asymmetrical in a vertex birth. This asymmetry is called molding Mongolian spots (573) mong•gō′lē•ən Macular area of bluish black or gray-blue pigmentation on the dorsal area and the buttocks ; common in newborn of Asian, Hispanic, and African decent Moro reflex (585) Flexion of the newborn knees and thighs accompanied by fingers that fan then clench: startle reflex Mottling (571) mot•tling Lacy pattern of dilated blood vessels under the skin; may last several hours to several weeks or may come and go New ballard score -NBS-( 560) Postnatal gestational age assessment tool that is used within 12 hours of birth Nevus flammeus (port-wine stain)(573) Capillary angioma (A tumor composed chiefly of lymphatic vessels or blood vessels) directly below the epidermis Nonelevated, sharply demarcated, red-to purple area of dense capillaries Nevus vasculosus( strawberry marks)(573) Capillary hemangioma newly formed and enlarged capillaries in the dermal and sub dermal layers. It is raised clearly delineated, dark, red, rough-surface birthmark commonly found on the head regions Ortolani's maneuver (582 Manual procedure to rule out the possibility of developing hip dysplasia subconjunctival hemorrhage( 576) Hemorrhage on the sclera of the newborn eye, usually caused by changes in vascular tension during birth. Tonic neck reflex ( 584) Postural reflex seen in newborn when the supine infants head is turned to one side , the arm leg on that side extend while the extremities on the posit side contract . also called fencing position Truck incurvation (gallant reflex) Postural reflex seen in newborn when the supine infants head is turned to one side , the arm leg on that side extend while the extremities on the posit side contract . also called fencing position vernix caseosa ( 573) Whitish, cheese like substance, covers the fetus while in utero , lubricates the skin of the newborn New born screening test (621) Test that detect newborn errors in metabolism that if left untreated cause mental retardation and physical handicaps Colostrums (636) Secretion from breast before the onset of true lactation, contain mostly serum and white corpuscles. It has high protein content provides some immune properties and cleanser the neonate's intestinal tract of mucus and meconium. Foremilk (635) Breastmilk obtained at the beginning of the breastfeeding episode Hindmilk (635) Breastmilk released after initial letdown reflex; high in fat content Let-down reflex (635) Pattern of stimulation, hormone release, and resulting muscle contraction that force milk into the lactiferous duct making it available to infant; Also called milk ejection reflex Mature milk (635) Breast milk that contains at least 10 % solids for energy and growth Oxytocin (635) Hormone normally produced by the posterior pituitary, responsible for stimulation of uterine contraction and the release of milk into the lactiferous duct. Prolactin (635) A hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary that stimulates lactation in mammals Transitional milk (636) Breast milk produced from the end of colostrums production until about 2weeks postpartum Active acquired immunity (551) Stimulation of antibody production without causing clinical diseas