IB Global Politics - Development (3) Test Exam Latest and Verified

IB Global Politics - Development (3) Test Exam Latest and Verified development - CORRECT ANSWER-- a universal basic aim for individuals as the continuous rise of living standards and the wellbeing of a social organization - largely shaped around how countries can "catch up" to their wealthy counterparts - the creation of a stable and prosperous society with a universal respect for human rights; peace and security Modernization Theory (1960s) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Rostow's plan to move from subsistence farming to a mass consumer society, assuming that all states can mimic the West - states move from 1) traditional society, 2) having the preconditions for take off, 3) taking off, 4) driving to maturity, and finally 5) a high mass consumer society what does Modernization Theory not acknowledge (its faults)? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Modernization Theory fails to acknowledge that much of the wealth in the West comes from imperialism, slavery, and burning cheap fuels like coal and oil - current conditions for sustainable development are against slavery, imperialism, or non-eco friendly energy, which puts more stress on developing states Dependency Theory (Word Systems Theory, 1970s) - CORRECT ANSWER-- belief that developing periphery states were purposely integrated into the global economy in a way that their resources flow to developed core states - the capitalist global system was created to keep the wealth consolidated amongst the wealthy states - periphery states should break free from their reliance to core states to develop - promoted by Andre Frank and Marxists Global North - CORRECT ANSWER-- term used to refer to the world's wealthy, industry and technology-based economies, those countries located primarily in the Northern Hemisphere with low birth rates and death rates - US, Canada, Western Europe, and Developed Asia Global South - CORRECT ANSWER-- term used to designate the less-developed countries located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere with economies largely based on agriculture; high birth rates and death rates Neoliberalism (1980s) - CORRECT ANSWER-- theory of development that focused on embracing free market capitalism and eliminating government interference, such as the privatization of industry and an end to government protection of businesses - the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank gave out Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) to countries throughout Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, which severely harmed their developing economies Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) - CORRECT ANSWER-- in exchange for money, the country would have to privatize industries, end government subsidies, and open markets to free trade - SAPs have been discontinued due to the shock they cause to emerging economies, such as in Mexico and Chile - SAPs caused increased unemployment, higher living costs, and growing income inequality The Washington Consensus (1990s-present) - CORRECT ANSWER-- a lighter form of Neoliberalism that encourages free market practices but stresses honest government and freedom of speech - influenced the Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and USAID what does China's rapid development argue against th