2024 PEBC Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)

2024 PEBC Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+) Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs) correct answers Half-life (T1/2) Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) (4) correct answers Barbiturates Phenytoin Carbamazepine Rifampin Inhibitors of CYP450 correct answers Cimetidine Ketoconazole Erythromycin Isoniazid Grapefruit Their MOA utilizes intracellular receptors: correct answers Thyroid and steroid hormones This compound's MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors: correct answers Insulin Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase correct answers Atropine, pralidoxime (2- PAM) Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity correct answers N-acetylcysteine Antidote used for heparin toxicity correct answers Protamine Sulfate Antidote used for warfarin toxicity correct answers Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase correct answers Aminocaproic acid Antidote used for opioid toxicity correct answers Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO) Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity correct answers Flumazenil Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP(6-mercaptopurine) correct answers Allopurinol May protect against doxorubicin cardio-toxicity by chelating iron correct answers Dexrazoxane Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis correct answers Bleomycin Binds tubulin and prevents the disassembly of microtubules during the M phase of the cell cycle inducing mitotic arrest correct answers Paclitaxel (taxol) 2024 PEBC Exam Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+) Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer correct answers Tamoxifen Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonist correct answers Odansetron Granisetron Dolasetron Palonosetron Hormone inhibiting prolactin release correct answers Dopamine ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality correct answers Cosyntropin Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis correct answers Desmopressin (DDAVP) Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain correct answers Lthyroxine (T4) Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy correct answers PTU PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA correct answers Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin Some side effects of corticosteroids correct answers Hyperglycemia Osteopenia Impaired wound healing inc. risk of infection inc. appetitie HTN Edema PUD Euphoria Psychosis Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors correct answers Spironolactone Common SE of spironolactone correct answers Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study) correct answers Raloxifene Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy correct answers Diethylstillbestrol (DES) Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase correct answers Testosterone Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin production correct answers C-peptide Long acting insulin correct answers Ultralente (humulin U) Amino acid derivative for treatment of Type II diabetes correct answers Nateglinide Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA tx. correct answers Raloxifene (SERMselective estrogen receptor modulator) Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption correct answers Calcitonin (salmon prep) Drug that causes contraction of the uterus correct answers Oxytocin Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3 correct answers Smooth muscle; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively Prototype antagonist of H1 and H2 receptors correct answers Diphenhydramine 1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating correct answers Diphenhydramine 2nd generation antihistamines correct answers Fexofenadine Loratadine Cetirizine H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs correct answers Cimetidine 5HT-1D/1B agonist used for migraine headaches correct answers Sumatriptan Naratriptan Rizatriptan Agents for reduction of postpartum bleeding correct answers Oxytocin and ergonovine Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor correct answers Cyproheptadine 5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced emesis (5) correct answers Aprepitant, Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and palonosetron Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug correct answers LSD Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia correct answers Bromocriptine Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema correct answers Bradykinin Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator) correct answers Capsaicin Prostaglandins that cause abortions correct answers Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) PGE2, and PGF2alpha Inhibitor of lipoxygenase correct answers Zileuton Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis correct answers PGE1 (Alprostadil) Prostaglandin used in the treatment impotence correct answers PGE1 (Alprostadil) MOA and effect of nitric oxide correct answers Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma correct answers Ipratropium MOA action of cromolyn correct answers Mast cell stabilizer SE of long term (5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy correct answers Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively MOA of quinolones correct answers Inhibit DNA gyrase Drug used for MRSA correct answers Vancomycin Vancomycin MOA correct answers Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients correct answers Rifampin Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it correct answers Scotch tape technique and mebendazole MOA of sulfonamides correct answers Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media correct answers Amoxicillin DOC for tx of pseudomembranous colitis correct answers Metronidazole Anemia caused by trimethoprim correct answers Megaloblastic anemia DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas correct answers Metronidazole Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE) correct answers Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol Common side effect of Rifampin correct answers Orange urine discoloration DOC for influenza A and B correct answers Oseltamivir or Zanamivir DOC for RSV correct answers Ribavirin HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition on metabolism correct answers Protease inhibitors DOC for N. gonorrhea correct answers Ceftriaxone DOC for herpes and its MOA correct answers Acyclovir; activates thymidine kinase Anti-microbial that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients correct answers Sulfonamides Anti-biotic frequently used for chronic UTI prophylaxis correct answers sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses correct answers REM is decreased Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy correct answers Ability to cross the placenta Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects) correct answers Flumazenil Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanoloxidizing system (MEOS) correct answers Ethanol System that increases in activity with chronic expose and may contribute to tolerance (FYI in Alcohol section) correct answers Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system MEOS The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics correct answers Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI) Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures correct answers Valproic acid, Phenytoin and Carbamazepine Drugs of choice for absence seizures correct answers Ethosuximide and valproic acid Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures correct answers Valproic acid Anti-seizure drugs used also for pain of neuropathic orgin correct answers Gabapentin SE of phenytoin correct answers Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia