PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 LATEST QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY
PASSED!!
With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular
receptors, which of these describes "amplification"?
A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules,
each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a 200mOsm solution of
nonpenetrating solute?
The cell will swell in size.
Naloxone (Narcan) is an antagonist to the opioid receptor, the same receptor to
which heroin is an agonist.
If both heroin and naloxone were in the bloodstream, what would the user
experience?
A decrease in the effects of heroin
Second messengers
act in the cell cytoplasm.
A solute, X, is placed in compartment A of a two compartment container and
allowed to diffuse to compartment B and attain diffusion equilibrium. At that point
in time,
solutes will be moving in both directions equally.
You have two compartments separated by a membrane. Compartment A has a
solution with 6 Osm of solute diluted in water, and compartment B has a solution
with 2 Osm of solute diluted in the same volume of water as compartment A.
Which compartment will have a lower concentration of molecules of water?
Compartment A
Which of the following statements about the Na+K+ ATPase pump is false?
,It transports Na+ and K+ in a 1:1 ratio.
During breastfeeding, as the baby suckles, nerve signals are relayed from the
mother's nipple to the mother's brain. The brain initiates the mother's pituitary
gland to produce more prolactin (a hormone), which causes more milk to be
ejected.
positive feedback.
Some glucose transporter (receptor) can also bind fructose, a similar six-carbon
monosaccharide, but it cannot bind lycine, an amino acid, because
transport/receptor proteins exhibit _________ for their ligands.
specificity
One way that cells can increase their responsiveness (up-regulation) to an
external chemical regulator is by
increasing the number of their transmembrane receptors by fusion of intracellular
vesicles to the membrane.
Molecules increase their rate of diffusion as temperature increases.
true
Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules (like
phospholipids) are called
amphipathic.
Which statement is FALSE with regard to proteins?
They are composed of nucleic acids.
What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a 300mOsm solution of non-
penetrating solute?
The cell will stay the same size.
As soon as a person sees a cup of lemon juice, they start to salivate. This is an
example of
feedforward regulation.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc (as
seen in feedback loop systems)?
Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
Describing a physiological variable as "homeostatic" means that it
, is in a state of dynamic constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point
value.
Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?
After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase to rid it
from the body.
If all other conditions remain the same and the concentration of a nonpenetrating
solute increases inside a cell, which is most likely to occur?
Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has an increased osmolarity.
Molecule X is some sort of chemical messenger. Its receptor resides within the
nucleus and once the receptor is bound to X, gene transcription occurs.
Molecule X might be a(n)
lipid/steroid.
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
To bring about a rapid change in the body
Which of the following is a feature that distinguishes active transport from
facilitated diffusion?
Requirement for metabolic energy
Which is true about mediated transport across cell membranes?
It is characterized by saturable carriers and a maximum magnitude of solute flux.
Ion channels in cell membranes
may open in response to binding of a ligand.
CO2 is a small, non-polar molecule. It will cross the cell membrane by
simple diffusion.
What is the term describing the covalent bond formed between two amino acids?
peptide bond
Which of the following categories does galactose fit into?
monosaccharides
The process whereby repeated exposure to a hormone can cause a decrease in
the number of receptors for that specific hormone is called
down-regulation
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY
PASSED!!
With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular
receptors, which of these describes "amplification"?
A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules,
each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a 200mOsm solution of
nonpenetrating solute?
The cell will swell in size.
Naloxone (Narcan) is an antagonist to the opioid receptor, the same receptor to
which heroin is an agonist.
If both heroin and naloxone were in the bloodstream, what would the user
experience?
A decrease in the effects of heroin
Second messengers
act in the cell cytoplasm.
A solute, X, is placed in compartment A of a two compartment container and
allowed to diffuse to compartment B and attain diffusion equilibrium. At that point
in time,
solutes will be moving in both directions equally.
You have two compartments separated by a membrane. Compartment A has a
solution with 6 Osm of solute diluted in water, and compartment B has a solution
with 2 Osm of solute diluted in the same volume of water as compartment A.
Which compartment will have a lower concentration of molecules of water?
Compartment A
Which of the following statements about the Na+K+ ATPase pump is false?
,It transports Na+ and K+ in a 1:1 ratio.
During breastfeeding, as the baby suckles, nerve signals are relayed from the
mother's nipple to the mother's brain. The brain initiates the mother's pituitary
gland to produce more prolactin (a hormone), which causes more milk to be
ejected.
positive feedback.
Some glucose transporter (receptor) can also bind fructose, a similar six-carbon
monosaccharide, but it cannot bind lycine, an amino acid, because
transport/receptor proteins exhibit _________ for their ligands.
specificity
One way that cells can increase their responsiveness (up-regulation) to an
external chemical regulator is by
increasing the number of their transmembrane receptors by fusion of intracellular
vesicles to the membrane.
Molecules increase their rate of diffusion as temperature increases.
true
Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules (like
phospholipids) are called
amphipathic.
Which statement is FALSE with regard to proteins?
They are composed of nucleic acids.
What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a 300mOsm solution of non-
penetrating solute?
The cell will stay the same size.
As soon as a person sees a cup of lemon juice, they start to salivate. This is an
example of
feedforward regulation.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc (as
seen in feedback loop systems)?
Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
Describing a physiological variable as "homeostatic" means that it
, is in a state of dynamic constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point
value.
Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?
After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase to rid it
from the body.
If all other conditions remain the same and the concentration of a nonpenetrating
solute increases inside a cell, which is most likely to occur?
Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has an increased osmolarity.
Molecule X is some sort of chemical messenger. Its receptor resides within the
nucleus and once the receptor is bound to X, gene transcription occurs.
Molecule X might be a(n)
lipid/steroid.
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
To bring about a rapid change in the body
Which of the following is a feature that distinguishes active transport from
facilitated diffusion?
Requirement for metabolic energy
Which is true about mediated transport across cell membranes?
It is characterized by saturable carriers and a maximum magnitude of solute flux.
Ion channels in cell membranes
may open in response to binding of a ligand.
CO2 is a small, non-polar molecule. It will cross the cell membrane by
simple diffusion.
What is the term describing the covalent bond formed between two amino acids?
peptide bond
Which of the following categories does galactose fit into?
monosaccharides
The process whereby repeated exposure to a hormone can cause a decrease in
the number of receptors for that specific hormone is called
down-regulation
