Final Practice Exam for NAVLE Course Questions and Answers 2024 Updated

Final Practice Exam for NAVLE Course Questions and Answers 2024 Updated *43 days gestation* The fetal skeleton ossifies @ 42-45 days in the dog and 35-39d in the cat. - CORRECT ANSWERThe correct answer is laminitis secondary to endotoxemia. Laminitis, endotoxemia, and diarrhea are commonly associated with grain overload and appropriate therapy to evacuate any remaining stomach contents, ameliorate endotoxin and prevent laminitis should be instituted immediately. Laxatives such as mineral oil are commonly administered. - CORRECT ANSWERThe correct answer is C6-T2. In a dog, the spinal cord is divided into the four regions listed above. Upper motor neuron signs include hyper-reflexia of spinal reflexes and increased muscle tone. Lower motor neuron signs include decreased or absent spinal reflexes and decreased muscle tone. A lesion between the C6-T2 spinal cord segments would result in lower motor neuron signs in the thoracic limbs and upper motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs, as described in the patient in the question. A lesion between C1-C5 spinal cord segments would manifest as upper motor neuron signs in the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Lesions between T3-L3 spinal cord segments would not affect the thoracic limbs, but would manifest as upper motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs. Lesions between L4-S3 spinal cord segments would result in normal thoracic limbs and lower motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs. - CORRECT ANSWERThe correct answer is pyrrolizidine alkaloid. The clinical signs described are typical for pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity. Consumption of this plant typically results in abnormalities in hepatic cell division; thus resulting in large hepatocytes known as megalocytosis. - CORRECT ANSWERThe cat described likely has hepatic lipidosis. Cats that are greater than 2 years of age and obese have the greatest risk for hepatic lipidosis. Often these cats are indoor-only and have had a recent stress in their life. An obese cat that is not eating with the above symptoms is most likely to have hepatic lipidosis. An ALP elevation that is greater in magnitude than GGT is also suggestive of hepatic lipidosis. A bile duct obstruction, cholangiohepatitis, lymphoma, and FIP are other differentials but are less likely with the given information. - CORRECT ANSWERIf you see "Pseudo-diptheritic membranes" in the intestines think Neonatal Salmonella Look also for fever, diarrhea, especially with a "septic tank odor" and systemic signs like septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis. Can die suddenly without diarrhea. Other rule outs for OLDER calves: -Coccidiosis: Older than 21days and in ALL ages, bloody diarrhea & tenesmus -Ostertagiasis: Anorexia, poor growth, diarrhea in less than 2yr old on pasture-- a chronic disease -BVD: Young cattle (6-24mo) with mucosal lesions & diarrhea -Winter Dysentery: Explosive outbreak watery diarrhea with clotted dark blood, stabled animals, all ages in winter -Johne's disease: Intractable diarrhea, cachexia Crypto is typically a disease of young, 1-4 week old. - CORRECT ANSWERThe answer is VII, III. Closure of the eyes is performed by the orbicularis oculi muscle innervated by the facial nerve. Opening of the eye is by the levator palpebrae superioris innervated by the oculomotor nerve. The trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the eye. - CORRECT ANSWERMale Pheromones stimulate synchronous estrus in a female population - CORRECT ANSWER-Whitten Effect The tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male. - CORRECT ANSWER-Bruce effect Suppression or prolongation of estrous cycles of mature female m