CSET Multiple Subjects- Subtest 1a, Domain 1 CSET Multiple Subjects Subtest 1- Reading, Language and Literature Domain 1- Language and Linguistics

CSET Multiple Subjects Stages of Reading Development - ANS--The emergent reader -The beginning reader -The fluent reader -The remedial reader The Emergent Reader: Age - ANS-Early childhood to pre-K (pre-alphabetic) The Emergent Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANS--Beginning of awareness that text progresses from left to right -Children scribble and recognize distinctive visual clues in environmental print, such as letters in their names The Emergent Reader: Reading Instruction - ANS-Begin phonemic awareness: -Help to recognize print in environment -Help to make predictions in stories -Observe pretending to read -Help to recognize letter shapes The Beginning Reader: Age - ANS-K to 2nd/3rd grade (alphabetic) The Beginning Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANS--Letters are associated with sounds -Children begin to read simple CVC words (such as mat, sun, pin) -They usually represent such words with a single sound, and later spell with the first and last consonant: for example, CT for cat -When writing later, vowels are included in each syllable -Children now rhyme and blend words -When reading later, they begin to recognize "chunks," or phonograms. The Beginning Reader: Reading Instruction - ANS-Systematic and explicit instruction, including: -Phonics, phonemic awareness, blending, decoding -Vocabulary word-attack skills, spelling -Text comprehension -Listening and writing The Fluent Reader: Age - ANS-4th to 8th grade (orthographic) The Fluent Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANS--Students read larger units of print and use analogy to decode larger words -Decoding becomes fluent -Reading, accuracy and speed are stressed The Fluent Reader: Reading Instruction - ANS-Systematic and explicit instruction, including: -Word-attack skills (multisyllabic words) -Decoding -Spelling and vocabulary -Fluency -Text comprehension (context skills) -Utilizing metacognition The Remedial Reader: Age - ANS-3rd to 8th grade (students who do not demonstrate competency) The Remedial Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANS--The key approach to successful reading programs is preventive rather than remedial while understanding that there is a full range of learners in the classroom -Therefore, students who are struggling to read are taught from the same systematic framework taught in the early grades of successful readers The Remedial Reader: Reading Instruction - ANS-Includes re-teaching all of the modalities taught as a "beginning reader" and emphasizing: -Assessment of identified reading weaknesses -Teaching explicit strategies based on diagnosis -Linking instruction to prior knowledge -Increasing instruction time -Dividing skills into smaller steps while providing reinforcement and positive feedback Phoneme - ANS--The smallest unit of sound/part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words -English has about 41 -Sometimes represented by more than one letter Examples: "oh" (/o/), "if" (/i/ /f/), "stop" (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/), "check" (/ch/ /e/ /