BACTERIAL GENETICS I EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Bacterial Chromosomes - ✔✔single, double-stranded, closed molecule
in a supercoiled state complexed with polyamines; bacterial genes do not
contain introns; is polycistronic and thus one mRNA can code many
proteins; bacterial mRNAs do not have a polyA tail nor 5' cap;
transcription and translation are tightly coupled
Plasmids - ✔✔small, circular extrachromosomal, autonomous, double-
stranded DNA, present in most bacteria either gram positive or gram
negative; encodes replication, transfer and accessory contributing to
resistance, virulence, metabolism and fertility
, Conjugative Plasmids - ✔✔plasmids such as F factor which mediate
their own transfer
Episomes - ✔✔any kind of extra-chromosomal DNA that can become
integrated into the chromosomal DNA; generally larger than other extra-
chromosomal DNA
Stringent Replicative Regulation - ✔✔plasmid replication which is
closely tied to chromosomal replication
Relaxed Replicative Regulation - ✔✔plasmid replication which is
independent from chromosomal replication
Plasmid Resistance - ✔✔antibiotic resistance, heavy metals, toxins, UV
light, phages
Plasmid Virulence Determinants - ✔✔antibiotic resistance,
bacteriocins, toxins, adhesins
Plasmid Fertility Determinants - ✔✔pili formation, adhesins
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Bacterial Chromosomes - ✔✔single, double-stranded, closed molecule
in a supercoiled state complexed with polyamines; bacterial genes do not
contain introns; is polycistronic and thus one mRNA can code many
proteins; bacterial mRNAs do not have a polyA tail nor 5' cap;
transcription and translation are tightly coupled
Plasmids - ✔✔small, circular extrachromosomal, autonomous, double-
stranded DNA, present in most bacteria either gram positive or gram
negative; encodes replication, transfer and accessory contributing to
resistance, virulence, metabolism and fertility
, Conjugative Plasmids - ✔✔plasmids such as F factor which mediate
their own transfer
Episomes - ✔✔any kind of extra-chromosomal DNA that can become
integrated into the chromosomal DNA; generally larger than other extra-
chromosomal DNA
Stringent Replicative Regulation - ✔✔plasmid replication which is
closely tied to chromosomal replication
Relaxed Replicative Regulation - ✔✔plasmid replication which is
independent from chromosomal replication
Plasmid Resistance - ✔✔antibiotic resistance, heavy metals, toxins, UV
light, phages
Plasmid Virulence Determinants - ✔✔antibiotic resistance,
bacteriocins, toxins, adhesins
Plasmid Fertility Determinants - ✔✔pili formation, adhesins
