POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM BALANCE
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS {
GRADED A+}
Potassium Importance - ✔✔one of the most abundant cations in ICF,
inside of the cell to regulate resting membrane potential; cell volume
regulation, intracellular pH regulation, DNA and protein synthesis,
growth, enzyme function, resting membrane potential, cardiac and
neuromuscular activity
Internal K+ Balance - ✔✔the distribution of K+ across cell membranes;
even small shifts across cell membranes cause large changes in K+
concentrations in ECF and blood
, Hyperkalemia - ✔✔a shift of K+ out of cells increasing K+ blood
concentration; caused by insulin deficiency, acidosis, hyperosmolarity,
cell lysis, exercise
Hypokalemia - ✔✔a shift of K+ into cells producing a decrease in K+
blood concentration; caused by insulin, alkalosis, hypoosmolarity
Insulin - ✔✔stimulates K+ uptake into cells by increasing the activity
of Na+-K+-ATPase; responsible for the uptake of dietary K+ into the
cells following a meal; ensures that ingested K+ does not remain int he
ECF and produce hyperkalemia; high levels of insulin produce
kypokalemia
Acid-Base Abnormalities and K+ - ✔✔one of the mechanisms
underlying internal K+ balance involves H+-K+ exchange across cell
membranes in intercalated cells which is useful as ICF has considerable
buffering capacity of H+; to preserve electro-neutrality H+ cannot enter
or leave the cells itself and thus is exchanged for another cation
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS {
GRADED A+}
Potassium Importance - ✔✔one of the most abundant cations in ICF,
inside of the cell to regulate resting membrane potential; cell volume
regulation, intracellular pH regulation, DNA and protein synthesis,
growth, enzyme function, resting membrane potential, cardiac and
neuromuscular activity
Internal K+ Balance - ✔✔the distribution of K+ across cell membranes;
even small shifts across cell membranes cause large changes in K+
concentrations in ECF and blood
, Hyperkalemia - ✔✔a shift of K+ out of cells increasing K+ blood
concentration; caused by insulin deficiency, acidosis, hyperosmolarity,
cell lysis, exercise
Hypokalemia - ✔✔a shift of K+ into cells producing a decrease in K+
blood concentration; caused by insulin, alkalosis, hypoosmolarity
Insulin - ✔✔stimulates K+ uptake into cells by increasing the activity
of Na+-K+-ATPase; responsible for the uptake of dietary K+ into the
cells following a meal; ensures that ingested K+ does not remain int he
ECF and produce hyperkalemia; high levels of insulin produce
kypokalemia
Acid-Base Abnormalities and K+ - ✔✔one of the mechanisms
underlying internal K+ balance involves H+-K+ exchange across cell
membranes in intercalated cells which is useful as ICF has considerable
buffering capacity of H+; to preserve electro-neutrality H+ cannot enter
or leave the cells itself and thus is exchanged for another cation
