MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY SUMMARY

PROTOZOANS



AMEOBOIDS



PHYLUM SUBPHYLUM CLASS SUBCLASS ORDER SUBORDER


Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina Lobosea Gymnamebia Amebida Tubulina




INTESTINAL AMOEBA

NAME Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba coli Entamoeba dispar Entamoeba hartmanni Endolimax nana

OTHER INFO Only Pathologic Amoeba Lumen-dwelling amoeba Smallest amoeba

4 nuclei w/ no peripheral
Whisked-broom; Splintered
Cigar-shaped chromatin;
CYST Needles
w/ 4 nuclei Glycogen occurs diffusely;
w/ 8 nuclei
Morphologically identical to E. Morphologically similar to E. Cross-eye cyst
histolytica histolytica
No ingested RBC; Atypical nucleus;
Ingested RBC; Centrally
TROPHOZOITE Eccentrically located clear halo or karyolymph;
located karyosome
karyosome lacks peripheral chromatin

INFECTIVE STAGE Mature cysts

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Trophozoite & Cyst

MOT Fecal-Oral

Amebiasis, Amebic Dysentery,
DISEASE Amebic colitis, Flask-shaped
ulcer in colon

Iodiquino; Paromycin;
TREATMENT Diloxanide furoate;
Metronidazole; Tinidazole

, PROTOZOANS



PHYLUM SUBPHYLUM CLASS SUBCLASS ORDER SUBORDER

Amebida
Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina Lobosea Gymnamebia Acanthopodina
Schizopyrenida



OPPORTUNISTIC FREE-LIVING AMOEBA

NAME Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba ssp. Balamuth

OTHER INFO Can withstand moderate heat (45˚C) ”Contact Lens Wearers” Do not grow in agar plat

Double cell walls w/o por
CYST Smooth double wall Double Cells wall w/ pores; Wrinkled fibrous outer wall
Third lay

Amoeboid: Rounded pseudopodia; Invasive form Spine-like pseudopodia “thorny feet”;
TROPHOZOITE Long pseudopod
Flagellated: Bi-flagellated, Do not divide No flagellated stage

INFECTIVE STAGE Amoeboid Trophozoite Trophozoite Tro

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Trophozoite Trophozoite and Cyst Trophoz

Intranasal/Oral: Swimming in freshwater lakes, pools, or
MOT Eye, Skin, ulcerated or broken skin Nasal passage; u
improper use of nasal irrigation system

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)
DISEASE Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) Granulomatous am
Acanthamoebic keratitis

Amphotericin B, Rifampin, Fluconazole, Azithromycin, Pentamidine, Sulfadiazine, FLucytosine, Fluconazole,
TREATMENT
Miltefosine Miltefosine

, PROTOZOANS



FLAGELLATES



PHYLUM SUBPHYLUM CLASS SUBCLASS ORDER SUBORDER

Diplomonadida Diplomonadina

Retortamonadida
Sarcomastigophora Mastigophora Zoomastigophorea

Trichomonanida



iNTESTINAL & UROGENITAL FLAGELLATES

NAME Giardia duodenalis Chilomastix mesnili Pentatrichomonas hominis Trichomonas vaginalis

OTHER INFO Giardia lamblia Trichomonas hominis

Nipple-like cyst; Lemon-shaped
Football shaped;
CYST Shepherd's crook or Safety pin
Young - 2 nuclei; Mature - 4 nuclei
appearance;

Pear shaped; Jerky and twitching
Old man’s Face w/ eyeglasses; Pear-shaped; distinct oral groove or Single nucleus; Undulating
TROPHOZOITE motility; Undulating membrane ½ if the
Falling leaf motility: cytostome; boring jerky movement membrane as long as costa
costa

INFECTIVE STAGE Cyst Cyst Trophozoite Trophozoite

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Trophozoite Trophozoite and Cyst Trophozoite Trophozoite

MOT Fecal-oral Fecal-oral Fecal - oral Sexual intercourse

Traveler’s Diarrhea;
DISEASE malabsorption syndrome w/ diarrhea Ping-Pong disease
and steatorrhea

Tinidazole, Metronidazole;
TREATMENT Tinidazole or Metronidazole
Nitazoxanide