NAS Exam 2 Final Questions and Answers Latest Verified 2024

NAS Exam 2 Final Questions and Answers Latest Verified 2024 why is chemical energy needed by cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-to maintain homeostasis Define cell respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-the mechanism for harvesting energy from fuel molecules; the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP what is the function of the reduced coenzymes? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are used to transfer energy to another compound Describe the function of oxidation-reduction reactions in the synthesis of ATP. - CORRECT ANSWER-The reaction that transports energy to reduced coenzymes for synthesis of ATP How are hydrogen atoms involved the redox reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER-When redox reactions take place they usually involve the loss of hydrogen atoms. What happens to the energy stored within the newly formed reduced coenzyme? Why is this referred to as phosphorylation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule. Name the four steps in cell respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Glycolysis, 2. Formation of acetyl coenzyme A, 3. Krebs cycle, 4. Electron transport chain Why is glycolysis "anaerobic" while the other three pathways are "aerobic." - CORRECT ANSWER-Because oxygen is not required to generate ATP during glycolysis. Where does glycolysis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-in the cytosol Two ATP molecules are used to split a glucose molecule. ATP is actually gained through glycolysis, however. How much ATP is produced by this process and what is the net gain? - CORRECT ANSWER-4 ATP gross, 2 net How many reduced coenzyme molecules are produced by glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 Two molecules are produced by glycolysis. Identify them. - CORRECT ANSWERPyruvic acid & NADH + H+ Describe the conditions that result in lactic acid production - CORRECT ANSWERanaerobic, not enough oxygen Where within the cell will further oxidation of pyruvic acid molecules occur - CORRECT ANSWER-In the matrix of the mitochondria Describe the two steps that result in the formation of acetyl Co-enzyme A. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. A molecule of CO2 is removed from the pyruvic acid through decarboxylation. Pyruvic acid is oxidized. 2. The acetyl group binds with Co-enzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Each glucose molecule results in the production of 6 CO2 molecules as a waste gas. How many CO2 molecules are produced in glycolysis and how many in the Krebs cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 - Glycolysis, 4 - Krebs cycle How many ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 What happens to the remainder of the energy harvested through the Krebs cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is transferred to reduced coenzymes that will go through the ETC and be converted to ATP. What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-The production of reduced co-enzymes. What is the function of the electron transport chain? - CORR