BST 322 Unit 1 Test Questions with Correct Answers

BST 322 Unit 1 Test Questions with Correct Answers Evidence Based Practice (EBP) 4 Steps in EBP Include - Answer-Based on research results. 1. Asking Clinical Questions 2. Searching for research evidence that addresses the question 3. Appraising the evidence and then 4. Integrating the evidence with ones own clinical expertise & information about patient preferences. Qualitative data - Answer-Verbal, narrative information. Example: Male or female, Happy, sad, depressed Quantitative data - Answer-Information in numerical form. Example: on a scale of 1-10 how happy are you? 5 Variable - Answer-a characteristic of an individual or group that can be measured that varies. Example: body temp, blood pressure, date of birth, weight, sex, Independent Variables - Answer-the hypothesized cause of , or influence on, the dependent variable. Influences the outcome. The one you can control or change. This is the variable that is manipulated. Dependent Variables - Answer-The outcome variable. The one you measure. Whether or not a subject got cancer (The Independent variable might be whether or not the subject was a smoker). Discrete Variables - Answer-have an finite number of values between two points. Example: number of children, 0,1,2,3 Continuous Variables - Answer-have in theory an infinite number of potential values between two points. Generally a variable that has decimals or fractions is a continuous variable. Body temp, and Ph levels. 4 levels of Measurement - Answer-1. Nominal (sometimes called categorical variables). 2. Ordinal 3. Interval 4. Ratio Nominal (Categorical Variables) - Answer-Grouping objects into classes. No "Scale" is implied. Lowest form of measurement, uses numbers simply as labels to classify them. Example: Male =0, Female =1. Averages are not useful Dichotomous - Answer-Nominal level variable has only two values. Such as Sex male or female. Ordinal - Answer-Measure that indicates an order. (The relationships can be expressed using or ). The scale does not have equal intervals between the points. Example: Clinical nursing levels, socio economic status, grades in the military or small medium large, horse races 1st, 2nd 3rd. Can not be rearranged. Ordinal measures does NOT tell us anything about distance between categories. Averages are not useful. Interval measurement - Answer-Involves assigning numbers that indicate both the ordering on an attribute and the distance between score values on the attribute. Temperature on a Fahrenheit scale. It is reasonable to compute averages. Can NOT make ratios. Ratio - Answer-Same as "Interval" but have a true 0. Example: pulse rate, temperature in kelvin degrees. Money $1, $2. Which two levels of measurement are considered Categorical variables - Answer- Nominal and ordinal Which two levels of measurement are considered scale variables - Answer-Interval and ratio What level of measure is a qualitative variable - Answer-Nominal level of measure What levels of measure are quantitative variables - Answer-Ordinal, interval and ratio scale Population - Answer-the entire group of people with the relevant characteristic Sample - Answer-Some of the members of a population Parameter - Answer-any descriptive measure of a characteristic of a population. Statistic - Answer-any descriptive measure of a characteristic of a sample. Descriptive statistics - Answer-are used to describe and or summarize data. Helps make data more comprehensible. Inferential Statistics permit us to: - Answer-1. Infer whether a relationship observed in a sample is likely to occur a population. 2. Draw conclusions about a single variable in a population or 3. Evaluate the relationships between variables. Example: Does it exist? Strength? What type? Inferential Statistics - Answer-When researchers use data from a sample to make inferences or draw conclusions about a population. Uses Laws of Probability to help researchers draw objective conclusions about population. Inferential Statistics are used to - Answer-test hypotheses about relationships between variables in a population.