Acknowledgements
PHARMACOLOGY FOR DENTAL AND
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Prof. D.R. Kulkarni for writing Foreword to this
book and for his valuable guidance.
ALLIED
I place on HEALTH
record my heartfelt SCIENCES
gratitude to Dr. Lakshmikant Chatra, Professor of Oral
Medicine, Yenepoya Dental College, for his help and suggestions. I wish to thank Profes-
sors of Pharmacology Prof. Nataraj K.V., Prof. Vijayaraghavan, Prof. Parvathi Bhat, Prof.
K.S.Karanth, Prof. M.C. Alwar, Prof. Ahalya Devi, Prof. Vasanth Kumar, Prof. K.L. Bairy,
Prof. Holla R., Prof. M.R.S.M.Pai, Prof. Venkatadri and Prof. Tara Shanbogue.
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
I also thank my colleagues Dr.Vijayalakshmi M., Dr. Princy, Dr. Prasannalakshmi,
Dr. Manohar Revonkar and Miss Deepa for their support. I am extremely thankful to the
(BSN)
management of Fr. Muller Medical College—Director Fr. Baptist Menezes, Administrators
Fr. Lawrence C D’Souza, Fr. Dennis D’Sa and Dean Dr. Sanjeev Rai for their encouragement.
B.SC
I wish to thank Dr. Prasanna KumarNURSING
J. Asst. Professor in oral medicine for his help.
I owe a special note of thanks to my husband Prof. Udaykumar K. for his constant
encouragement, valuable suggestions and support in this endeavor.
I thank Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi for bringing out this colourful
book.
, Contents
SECTION 1
General Pharmacology
1. Introduction and Sources of Drugs ................................................................................................. 1
2. Routes of Drug Administration ....................................................................................................... 3
3. Pharmacokinetics ............................................................................................................................ 10
4. Pharmacodynamics ......................................................................................................................... 24
5. Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions, Drug Nomenclature and
Essential Drugs Concept ................................................................................................................ 36
SECTION 2
Autonomic Nervous System
6. Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ................................................................................... 42
7. Cholinergic System ......................................................................................................................... 46
8. Anticholinergic Drugs ..................................................................................................................... 56
9. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ............................................................................................................. 60
10. Adrenergic System .......................................................................................................................... 66
11. Adrenergic Drugs (Sympathomimetics) ...................................................................................... 69
12. Adrenergic Antagonists .................................................................................................................. 76
SECTION 3
Drugs Acting on the Kidney
13. Diuretics and Antidiuretics ........................................................................................................... 82
SECTION 4
Cardiovascular System
14. Cardiac Glycosides and Treatment of Cardiac Failure ............................................................. 90
15. Calcium Channel Blockers ............................................................................................................. 96
16. Antiarrhythmic Drugs ..................................................................................................................... 99
17. Drugs Used in Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction ................................................... 104
18. Antihypertensive Drugs ............................................................................................................... 110
19. Plasma Expanders and Pharmacotherapy of Shock ................................................................ 120
,xiv Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences
SECTION 5
Central Nervous System
20. General Anaesthetics .................................................................................................................... 122
21. Local Anaesthetics ......................................................................................................................... 130
22. Sedative Hypnotics .......................................................................................................................137
23. Alcohols ........................................................................................................................................... 143
24. Antiepileptics ................................................................................................................................. 146
25. Drugs Used in Parkinsonism ....................................................................................................... 155
26. Opioid Analgesics ......................................................................................................................... 158
27. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) .................................................................. 172
28. Drugs Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout ........................................................................ 185
29. Drugs Used in Psychiatric Disorders ......................................................................................... 190
30. CNS StimulantS .............................................................................................................................. 201
SECTION 6
Autacoids
31. Autacoids
• Histamine ....................................................................................................................................... 203
• 5-Hydroxytryptamine .................................................................................................................... 207
• Ergot Alkaloids ............................................................................................................................... 208
• Eicosanoids ..................................................................................................................................... 210
• Other Autacoids ............................................................................................................................. 212
SECTION 7
Respiratory System
32. Drugs Acting on Respiratory System
• Drugs Used in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma ................................................................ 214
• Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cough ..................................................................................... 220
, Contents xv
SECTION 8
Blood
33. Haematopoietic System
• Haematinics ...................................................................................................................................222
• Drugs Used in the Disorders of Coagulation ............................................................................ 226
• Hypolipidaemic Drugs ................................................................................................................. 235
SECTION 9
Gastrointestinal Tract
34. Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Drugs Used in Peptic Ulcer .......................................................................................................... 237
• Prokinetic Agents .......................................................................................................................... 243
• Emetics and Antiemetics .............................................................................................................. 244
• Drugs for Constipation and Diarrhoea ...................................................................................... 247
SECTION 10
Chemotherapy I
35. General Considerations ................................................................................................................252
36. Sulfonamides, Cotrimoxazole and Quinolones .......................................................................262
37. Beta-lactam Antibiotics ................................................................................................................. 267
38. Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ......................................................................................................... 276
39. Aminoglycosides ........................................................................................................................... 280
40. Macrolides, Other Antibacterial Agents and
Chemotherapy of Urinary Tract Infections ............................................................................... 284
SECTION 11
Chemotherapy II
41. Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis and Leprosy ............................................................................ 291
42. Antifungal Drugs ........................................................................................................................... 299
43. Antiviral Drugs .............................................................................................................................. 305
44. Chemotherapy of Malaria ............................................................................................................ 312
45. Drugs Used in Amoebiasis, Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis ....................................... 319
46. Anthelmintics ................................................................................................................................. 324
47. Cancer Chemotherapy .................................................................................................................. 328
PHARMACOLOGY FOR DENTAL AND
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Prof. D.R. Kulkarni for writing Foreword to this
book and for his valuable guidance.
ALLIED
I place on HEALTH
record my heartfelt SCIENCES
gratitude to Dr. Lakshmikant Chatra, Professor of Oral
Medicine, Yenepoya Dental College, for his help and suggestions. I wish to thank Profes-
sors of Pharmacology Prof. Nataraj K.V., Prof. Vijayaraghavan, Prof. Parvathi Bhat, Prof.
K.S.Karanth, Prof. M.C. Alwar, Prof. Ahalya Devi, Prof. Vasanth Kumar, Prof. K.L. Bairy,
Prof. Holla R., Prof. M.R.S.M.Pai, Prof. Venkatadri and Prof. Tara Shanbogue.
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
I also thank my colleagues Dr.Vijayalakshmi M., Dr. Princy, Dr. Prasannalakshmi,
Dr. Manohar Revonkar and Miss Deepa for their support. I am extremely thankful to the
(BSN)
management of Fr. Muller Medical College—Director Fr. Baptist Menezes, Administrators
Fr. Lawrence C D’Souza, Fr. Dennis D’Sa and Dean Dr. Sanjeev Rai for their encouragement.
B.SC
I wish to thank Dr. Prasanna KumarNURSING
J. Asst. Professor in oral medicine for his help.
I owe a special note of thanks to my husband Prof. Udaykumar K. for his constant
encouragement, valuable suggestions and support in this endeavor.
I thank Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi for bringing out this colourful
book.
, Contents
SECTION 1
General Pharmacology
1. Introduction and Sources of Drugs ................................................................................................. 1
2. Routes of Drug Administration ....................................................................................................... 3
3. Pharmacokinetics ............................................................................................................................ 10
4. Pharmacodynamics ......................................................................................................................... 24
5. Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions, Drug Nomenclature and
Essential Drugs Concept ................................................................................................................ 36
SECTION 2
Autonomic Nervous System
6. Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ................................................................................... 42
7. Cholinergic System ......................................................................................................................... 46
8. Anticholinergic Drugs ..................................................................................................................... 56
9. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ............................................................................................................. 60
10. Adrenergic System .......................................................................................................................... 66
11. Adrenergic Drugs (Sympathomimetics) ...................................................................................... 69
12. Adrenergic Antagonists .................................................................................................................. 76
SECTION 3
Drugs Acting on the Kidney
13. Diuretics and Antidiuretics ........................................................................................................... 82
SECTION 4
Cardiovascular System
14. Cardiac Glycosides and Treatment of Cardiac Failure ............................................................. 90
15. Calcium Channel Blockers ............................................................................................................. 96
16. Antiarrhythmic Drugs ..................................................................................................................... 99
17. Drugs Used in Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction ................................................... 104
18. Antihypertensive Drugs ............................................................................................................... 110
19. Plasma Expanders and Pharmacotherapy of Shock ................................................................ 120
,xiv Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences
SECTION 5
Central Nervous System
20. General Anaesthetics .................................................................................................................... 122
21. Local Anaesthetics ......................................................................................................................... 130
22. Sedative Hypnotics .......................................................................................................................137
23. Alcohols ........................................................................................................................................... 143
24. Antiepileptics ................................................................................................................................. 146
25. Drugs Used in Parkinsonism ....................................................................................................... 155
26. Opioid Analgesics ......................................................................................................................... 158
27. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) .................................................................. 172
28. Drugs Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout ........................................................................ 185
29. Drugs Used in Psychiatric Disorders ......................................................................................... 190
30. CNS StimulantS .............................................................................................................................. 201
SECTION 6
Autacoids
31. Autacoids
• Histamine ....................................................................................................................................... 203
• 5-Hydroxytryptamine .................................................................................................................... 207
• Ergot Alkaloids ............................................................................................................................... 208
• Eicosanoids ..................................................................................................................................... 210
• Other Autacoids ............................................................................................................................. 212
SECTION 7
Respiratory System
32. Drugs Acting on Respiratory System
• Drugs Used in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma ................................................................ 214
• Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cough ..................................................................................... 220
, Contents xv
SECTION 8
Blood
33. Haematopoietic System
• Haematinics ...................................................................................................................................222
• Drugs Used in the Disorders of Coagulation ............................................................................ 226
• Hypolipidaemic Drugs ................................................................................................................. 235
SECTION 9
Gastrointestinal Tract
34. Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Drugs Used in Peptic Ulcer .......................................................................................................... 237
• Prokinetic Agents .......................................................................................................................... 243
• Emetics and Antiemetics .............................................................................................................. 244
• Drugs for Constipation and Diarrhoea ...................................................................................... 247
SECTION 10
Chemotherapy I
35. General Considerations ................................................................................................................252
36. Sulfonamides, Cotrimoxazole and Quinolones .......................................................................262
37. Beta-lactam Antibiotics ................................................................................................................. 267
38. Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ......................................................................................................... 276
39. Aminoglycosides ........................................................................................................................... 280
40. Macrolides, Other Antibacterial Agents and
Chemotherapy of Urinary Tract Infections ............................................................................... 284
SECTION 11
Chemotherapy II
41. Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis and Leprosy ............................................................................ 291
42. Antifungal Drugs ........................................................................................................................... 299
43. Antiviral Drugs .............................................................................................................................. 305
44. Chemotherapy of Malaria ............................................................................................................ 312
45. Drugs Used in Amoebiasis, Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis ....................................... 319
46. Anthelmintics ................................................................................................................................. 324
47. Cancer Chemotherapy .................................................................................................................. 328
