REVISION: C81IND
LECTURE ONE: THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
- Are Children All mini adults?
BEHAVIOURISM: YES!
Radical empiricism
Denial of nativism
Irrelevance of cognitive processes
“Black Box” and Pavlov’s dogs.
Reinforcement – positive & negative
Shaping behaviour
Successive approximations
The value of comparative psychology
Shaping – how new actions are incorporated into behaviour. e.g. Language – parents
respond positively to babies making certain sounds so they repeat them.
N A T I V I S M & M A TU R I S M
Genetically determined behaviour
Innate reflexes – babble, crawling, walking, talking?
Language, perception, permanence and solidarity of the mind?
Abilities and temperament
Intelligence, motivation, placidity
Noam Chomsky
Showed infants who experiences minimal levels of language yet still learnt to talk
Adults find it v. Difficult to learn second language – so how do children manage?
Chomsky said infants are born with basic innate knowledge of language,
Deep structure of language is innate and universal – same for all languages
The kind of processing carried out by an adult is the same as a child, just better.
Humans born with innate abilities, which take time to mature. I.e. Walking
Maturational stages – transforms us from a baby to an adult.
Lorenz – imprinting.
Bowlby – said humans formed a bond of attachment with their parents and as it is a
natural process, any disruption could be detrimental to development.
Onset of separation distress is 8 or 9 months.
LECTURE ONE: THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
- Are Children All mini adults?
BEHAVIOURISM: YES!
Radical empiricism
Denial of nativism
Irrelevance of cognitive processes
“Black Box” and Pavlov’s dogs.
Reinforcement – positive & negative
Shaping behaviour
Successive approximations
The value of comparative psychology
Shaping – how new actions are incorporated into behaviour. e.g. Language – parents
respond positively to babies making certain sounds so they repeat them.
N A T I V I S M & M A TU R I S M
Genetically determined behaviour
Innate reflexes – babble, crawling, walking, talking?
Language, perception, permanence and solidarity of the mind?
Abilities and temperament
Intelligence, motivation, placidity
Noam Chomsky
Showed infants who experiences minimal levels of language yet still learnt to talk
Adults find it v. Difficult to learn second language – so how do children manage?
Chomsky said infants are born with basic innate knowledge of language,
Deep structure of language is innate and universal – same for all languages
The kind of processing carried out by an adult is the same as a child, just better.
Humans born with innate abilities, which take time to mature. I.e. Walking
Maturational stages – transforms us from a baby to an adult.
Lorenz – imprinting.
Bowlby – said humans formed a bond of attachment with their parents and as it is a
natural process, any disruption could be detrimental to development.
Onset of separation distress is 8 or 9 months.
