HESI Study Guide (Med surg, Peds, Maternity) Questions and Answers 100% Pass

HESI Study Guide (Med surg, Peds, Maternity) Questions and Answers 100% Pass Penicillin - Correct Answer ️️ -Use with caution in clients allergic to cephalosporins, Monitor for allergic rxn, Take on empty stomach, Alters contraceptive effectiveness Tetracyclines - Correct Answer ️️ -Decreases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, Avoid use of antacids and milk products, Assess IV site often, Monitor for superinfections, Avoid sun exposure, Avoid use in pregnant and children under 8 years Aminoglycosides - Correct Answer ️️ -Monitor renal function, BUN, creatinine, I&O, Monitor for ototoxicity, Monitor for superinfection, Peak and trough levels required Macrolides - Correct Answer ️️ -Give on empty stomach, Space MAOIs 14 days before start and after end of med use, Report diarrhea/abdominal cramping, Monitor liver and renal labs, Fluoroquinolones - Correct Answer ️️ -Crosses placenta and breast milk, Can lower seizure threshold, Monitor liver, renal, and blood counts, Many drug-drug interactions Asthma Interventions - Correct Answer ️️ -Administer bronchodilators, fluids, humidification, Educate, ABGs, Ventilatory patterns, CPAP and BIPAP Adrenergics and Sympathomimetics (Albuterol, Epinephrine, Terbutaline) - Correct Answer ️️ -Check HR, Monitor for urinary retention, May cause sleep disturbance Which electrolyte is affected with primary extracellular ions? - Correct Answer ️️ - Sodium and Chloride Which electrolyte is affected with primary intracellular ions? - Correct Answer ️️ - Potassium and Phosphate How much urine should kidneys excrete normally? - Correct Answer ️️ -1 mL/kg of body weight/hr Daily urine output range - Correct Answer ️️ - mL What is a good indicator of fluid retention and renal status? - Correct Answer ️️ -Body weight Excess fluid s/s - Correct Answer ️️ -Dyspnea, weight gain, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, peripheral edema, elevated BP Fluid deficient s/s - Correct Answer ️️ -Decreased urine output, reduction in body weight, decreased skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, hypotension, tachycardia Which electrolyte should you watch with a kidney injury? - Correct Answer ️️ - Potassium - hyperkalemia How often do patients with foleys need peri care/foley care? - Correct Answer ️️ - Twice per day Beta Blockers - Correct Answer ️️ -Monitor apical HR, Assess for decreased BP, Taper off, Watch for adverse effects (Bradycardia, Hypotension, Wheezing, Impotence) Calcium Channel Blockers - Correct Answer ️️ -Assess for decreased BP, Monitor serum potassium, Swallow pills whole, Taper off, Take one hour before meals or two hours after, Watch for adverse effects (hypotension, hypokalemia, syncope, edema, gastric distress) Hypertension BP level - Correct Answer ️️ -140/90 or higher Ways to control HTN - Correct Answer ️️ -Diet (low salt, low fat, low cholesterol) and exercise, smoking cessation, weight control, stress management HTN Assessment/Diagnostic Findings - Correct Answer ️️ -BP equal to or higher than 140/90 on two separate occasions - take BP lying, sitting, standing and if the difference is 10 or more Risk factors for HTN - Correct Answer ️️ -heredity, race (African Americans), age (55), alcohol abuse, increased salt intake, obesity, use of contraceptives What's the number 1 cause of stroke in HTN patients? - Correct Answer ️️ - Noncompliance of med regimen What do you need to monitor with HTN and how often? - Correct Answer ️️ -Serum electrolytes every 90-120 days, Renal functioning every 90-120 days, BP and HR weekly What to watch for in HTN meds? - Correct Answer ️️ -Monitor BP and HR, Monitor I&O and weight, Possible drowsiness/weakness PAD vs PVD pulses? - Correct Answer ️️ -PAD: decreased or absent, PVD: normal PAD vs PVD treatment? - Correct Answer ️️ -PAD: smoking cessation, topical antibiotic, saline dressing, bed rest, immobilization, fibrinolytic agents if clots are the problem, PVD: systemic antibiotics, compression dressing or alginate dressing if ulcerated, limb elevation, fibrinolytic agents and anticoagulants if thrombosis Hiatal Hernia and GERD Interventions - Correct Answer ️️ -Encourage small, frequent meals, Sit up while eating and remain upright for at least 1 hr after eating, Stop eating 3 hrs before bedtime, Elevate HOB on 6-8 inch blocks Crohn's and UC Interventions - Correct Answer ️️ -Low residue, low fat, high protein, high calorie, no dairy diet, avoid spicy foods, administer vitamin supplements and iron, avoid smoking, caffeine, pepper, and alcohol, monitor I&O/serum electrolytes, weigh twice a week Opiates for UC? - Correct Answer ️️ -Tend to depress gastric motility, assess for abdominal distention, pain, rigidity, s/s of shock, increased HR, decrea