MCAT BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1: THE CELL
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
What are the four tenants of the cell theory? - ✔✔-All living things are composed
of cells.
-The cell is the basic functional unit of life.
-Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
-Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA
Why are viruses not considered living organisms? - ✔✔They violate the cell
theory;
-their genetic material is RNA
-they cannot reproduce on their own, they must invade another organism.
Are eukaryotic cells unicellular or multicellular? - ✔✔They can be both
,Whats the difference eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in reference to the nucleus? -
✔✔Eukaryotes have a true nucleus enclosed in the membrane, prokaryotes do not.
What are the characteristics of the various layers of the phospholipid bilayer? -
✔✔Hydrophilic: has electrostatic interactions with the aqueous environments.
Hydrophobic: provides a highly selective barrier.
What is DNA composed of? - ✔✔Genes: coding regions for particular proteins.
What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, histone, and the nucleus? -
✔✔DNA is wrapped around histones (proteins) and then further wound into
chromosomes (linear); chromosomes are located in the nucleus.
What is transcription?
Where does it occur? - ✔✔The transformation of DNA to mRNA
(DNA>hnRNA>mRNA) by RNA polymerase.
In the nucleus.
What is translation? - ✔✔The formation of a peptide from mRNA
What is the function of the nucleolus? - ✔✔It synthesizes ribosomal RNA
(rRNA).
, What is the function of the outer membrane of the mitochondria? - ✔✔It separates
the cytosol from inner mitochondrial environment.
What is the function of the inner membrane of the mitochondria which contains
cristae? - ✔✔Contains enzymes and molecules necessary for the electron
transport chain.
What is responsible for the proton-motive force of the mitochondria? -
✔✔Protons pumping from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
What is the significance of the proton-motive force in mitochondria? - ✔✔Protons
flow through ATP synthase to generate ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
Why is the mitochondria considered semi-autonomous? - ✔✔They contain their
own genes and replicate independently via binary fission.
How does the mitochondria cause apoptosis? - ✔✔By releasing electron transport
chain enzymes.
What do lysosomes contained?
What can this result in? - ✔✔Hydrolytic enzymes.
Release of its contents is autolysis (apoptosis).
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
What are the four tenants of the cell theory? - ✔✔-All living things are composed
of cells.
-The cell is the basic functional unit of life.
-Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
-Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA
Why are viruses not considered living organisms? - ✔✔They violate the cell
theory;
-their genetic material is RNA
-they cannot reproduce on their own, they must invade another organism.
Are eukaryotic cells unicellular or multicellular? - ✔✔They can be both
,Whats the difference eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in reference to the nucleus? -
✔✔Eukaryotes have a true nucleus enclosed in the membrane, prokaryotes do not.
What are the characteristics of the various layers of the phospholipid bilayer? -
✔✔Hydrophilic: has electrostatic interactions with the aqueous environments.
Hydrophobic: provides a highly selective barrier.
What is DNA composed of? - ✔✔Genes: coding regions for particular proteins.
What is the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, histone, and the nucleus? -
✔✔DNA is wrapped around histones (proteins) and then further wound into
chromosomes (linear); chromosomes are located in the nucleus.
What is transcription?
Where does it occur? - ✔✔The transformation of DNA to mRNA
(DNA>hnRNA>mRNA) by RNA polymerase.
In the nucleus.
What is translation? - ✔✔The formation of a peptide from mRNA
What is the function of the nucleolus? - ✔✔It synthesizes ribosomal RNA
(rRNA).
, What is the function of the outer membrane of the mitochondria? - ✔✔It separates
the cytosol from inner mitochondrial environment.
What is the function of the inner membrane of the mitochondria which contains
cristae? - ✔✔Contains enzymes and molecules necessary for the electron
transport chain.
What is responsible for the proton-motive force of the mitochondria? -
✔✔Protons pumping from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
What is the significance of the proton-motive force in mitochondria? - ✔✔Protons
flow through ATP synthase to generate ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
Why is the mitochondria considered semi-autonomous? - ✔✔They contain their
own genes and replicate independently via binary fission.
How does the mitochondria cause apoptosis? - ✔✔By releasing electron transport
chain enzymes.
What do lysosomes contained?
What can this result in? - ✔✔Hydrolytic enzymes.
Release of its contents is autolysis (apoptosis).
