PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 101 MODULE 4 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Nitrogenous bases of DNA
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings, and 4 nitrogen atoms
Purines - A and G
Contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring, and 2 nitrogen atoms
Pyramidines - T and C
Deoxyribose
sugar chemically linked to each base in DNA
Nucleoside
base + deoxyribose
Nucleotide
base + deoxyribose + phosphate group
complementary pairs
purine always pairs with pyramidine
(T+A), (C+G)
Occur when 2 negatively charged atoms share a hydrogen atom
Hydrogen bonds
# of hydrogen bonds between A and T
two
# of hydrogen bonds between C and G
three
sequence
specified linear arrangement of nucleotides linked to the polynucleotide chains of DNA.
Defines the entire organism
, end terminating with a phosphate group
5' (five prime) end
end terminating with a hydroxyl group
3' (three prime) end
antiparallel arrangement
one side of the helix runs in the opposite (5'-3') direction of the other (3'-5)
Genome
entire sequence of paired bases in DNA
histone proteins
A simple protein bound to DNA, involved in the coiling of chromosomes
Chromatin
DNA sequences and their associated proteins
Chromosomes
structures of packaged chromatin complexes
Somatic cell
All of the body's cells except gametes
Number of chromosomes in each somatic cell
46 (23 pairs)
Cell cycle
Process of parent cell replicating its genetic info and dividing into 2 new daughter cells
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
interphase
G1, S, G2 phases. 90% of cycle time.
Gap phase 1
First phase, growth phase
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfers genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
S phase
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Nitrogenous bases of DNA
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings, and 4 nitrogen atoms
Purines - A and G
Contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring, and 2 nitrogen atoms
Pyramidines - T and C
Deoxyribose
sugar chemically linked to each base in DNA
Nucleoside
base + deoxyribose
Nucleotide
base + deoxyribose + phosphate group
complementary pairs
purine always pairs with pyramidine
(T+A), (C+G)
Occur when 2 negatively charged atoms share a hydrogen atom
Hydrogen bonds
# of hydrogen bonds between A and T
two
# of hydrogen bonds between C and G
three
sequence
specified linear arrangement of nucleotides linked to the polynucleotide chains of DNA.
Defines the entire organism
, end terminating with a phosphate group
5' (five prime) end
end terminating with a hydroxyl group
3' (three prime) end
antiparallel arrangement
one side of the helix runs in the opposite (5'-3') direction of the other (3'-5)
Genome
entire sequence of paired bases in DNA
histone proteins
A simple protein bound to DNA, involved in the coiling of chromosomes
Chromatin
DNA sequences and their associated proteins
Chromosomes
structures of packaged chromatin complexes
Somatic cell
All of the body's cells except gametes
Number of chromosomes in each somatic cell
46 (23 pairs)
Cell cycle
Process of parent cell replicating its genetic info and dividing into 2 new daughter cells
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
interphase
G1, S, G2 phases. 90% of cycle time.
Gap phase 1
First phase, growth phase
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfers genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
S phase
